KAMAL AMROHI , BEST DIRECTOR OF HINDI CINEMA BORN 1918 JANUARY 17-1993 FEBRUARY 11

KAMAL AMROHI ,

BEST DIRECTOR OF HINDI CINEMA 

BORN 1918 JANUARY 17-1993 FEBRUARY 11

Syed Amir Haider Kamal Naqvi (Urdu: سیّد امِیر حَیدر کمال نقوی ‎), popularly known as Kamal Amrohi (Urdu: کمال امروہی ‎), (17 January 1918 – 11 February 1993) was an Indian film director and screenwriter. He was also an Urdu and Hindi poet.[5][3]

His Hindi films include Mahal (1949), Pakeezah (1972) and Razia Sultan (1983). He established Kamal Pictures (Mahal Films) in 1953 and Kamalistan Studio in Bombay in 1958.[4

Early life
Kamal Amrohi was born in Amroha, United Provinces in British India (present-day Uttar Pradesh) and later took on the name Kamal Amrohi (or Amrohvi).[6] He was a first cousin to Pakistani writers Jaun Elia and Rais Amrohvi.[7]

Career
In 1938, he left Amroha to study in Lahore, now part of Pakistan, where singer K. L. Saigal discovered him and took him to Mumbai (Bombay) to work for Sohrab Modi's Minerva Movietone film company, where he started his career working on films like Jailor (1938)[8], Pukar (1939), Bharosa (1940), A. R. Kardar's film (Shahjehan 1946). He made his debut as a director in 1949, with Mahal, starring Madhubala and Ashok Kumar, which was a musical hit, with songs by Lata Mangeshkar and Rajkumari Dubey.[9]

He directed only four films; of these were Mahal (1949) for Bombay Talkies, Daera (1953) with Meena Kumari and Nasir Khan, Pakeezah, which was conceived in 1958 but was not brought to the screen until 1972. He also wrote the screenplay, lyrics and produced the latter. Film Pakeezah (1972) has been called one of the extraordinary musical melodramas ever made in India, although flawed but noble.[10] Meena Kumari herself, in her public comments to the press, after seeing the movie, said that it was Kamal Amrohi's tribute to her.[8] This was followed by Razia Sultan (1983), his last film. Though, he started a film, Majnoon with Rajesh Khanna and Rakhee Gulzar as leads, however the film got shelved.[11]


Kamal Mahal, Mumbai in 1940

He wrote scripts for the movies made by Sohrab Modi, Abdul Rashid Kardar and K. Asif.[4] He was one of the four dialogue writers for the latter's famous 1960 movie, Mughal-e-Azam, for which he won the Filmfare Award.[4]

As a director, he developed a style that combined a stylised direction with minimalist performances. This style was different from the one with expressive acting that was common in Indian cinema of his period.[citation needed]

In 1958, he started Kamaal Studios for his banner Mahal Films, though it closed down after three years and later changed hands to become Natraj Studios.[citation needed]

It was mentioned that the last movie he wanted to make was called Aakhri Mughal. He had written a substantial portion of the script. But it went into oblivion after his death.[citation needed] Noted film maker J P Dutta was to revive the film in the late 1990s which was supposed to have been Abhishekh Bachchan's debut movie. But later Dutta scrapped the project. He was again planning to revive the film in 2007 after the debacle of his costume drama Umrao Jaan (2006) remake from the cult film from the 1980s.[citation needed]

Personal life
Amrohi married four times: His first wife was Bilkis Bano (who was a maid to Nargis's mother, Jaddan Bai). After her passing away, he married Sayeda Al-Zehra Mehmoodi, daughter of Jamal Hasan. She died on 9 April 1982.[12] He met Meena Kumari during the filming of Tamasha. Veteran actor Ashok Kumar introduced them.[8] They fell in love and married on 14 February 1952, on Valentine's Day in a much private ceremony. Only Amrohi's friend Baaqar Ali and Meena Kumari's younger sister Madhu were aware of this development.

The couple then made Daera (1953 film), a film based on their love story, however the movie tanked at the box office. During the filming of Azaad in 1954, both of them planned another movie, Pakeezah.[citation needed] The film went on studio floors by 1956, but as the craze of colour films increased, particularly after the release of Mother India (1957), the black & white scenes were re-shot to colour sequences. After the release of Guru Dutt's classic Kaagaz Ke Phool (1959 film) which marked the arrival of Cinemascope technique, the film was again shot, this time in Cinemascope.[citation needed] By the 1960s, Meena Kumari was at the peak of her career which caused tensions between the couple and ultimately led to a mutual separation in March 1964. Film Pakeezah got shelved. In March 1969, the film was revived with an ill Meena Kumari, (due to her alcoholism) in the lead. They lived together for a total of 11 years.[10] Raaj Kumar was roped in, as by that time, Ashok Kumar- the original lead was too old to portray the hero of the film.[13]

Pakeezah was released on 4 February 1972, 14 years after it first began. Unfortunately, it received a lukewarm response from the critics. Although the film received warm reception from the audience, it was Meena Kumari's untimely death on 31 March 1972 which acted as an ultimate push and made it one of the top grossers of that year. The film is now considered as a cult classic and has a status much similar to K. Asif's 1960 magnum opus, Mughal-E-Azam.[13]

Kamal Amrohi got married for the fourth time with his physician. During his last years, he used to regularly visit the hospital for minor ailments. There he met his fourth wife, who was actually her doctor. After the death of Mehmoodi in 1982, Amrohi felt lonely and in order to avoid being a burden on his children, he decided to get married, drawing sharp reactions from the media.[14]

Kamal Amrohi had three children with Mehmoodie: two sons, Shandaar and Taajdaar, both of whom worked with him in Razia Sultan,[15] and a daughter, Rukhsar Amrohi.[16] He had no children with Bilkis Bano, Meena Kumari and his fourth wife. Shandaar died on 21 August 2011 in Goa. He was survived by his wives, Shahida Amrohi and Khursheed Naqvi Amrohi. He was laid to rest in Mumbai the following day. Amrohi's grandsons Mashhoor Amrohi and Bilal Amrohi are also actors.[citation needed]

Kamal Amrohi Studios

Kamal Amrohi Studios (Kamalistan Studios) was established in 1958, spread over 15 acre, it is situated in Jogeshwari East, off Jogeshwari – Vikhroli Link Road in Mumbai. It continues to run, managed by Amrohi's son, Tajdar Amrohi; despite 2010 news reports of it being sold,[17][16] and continued litigation thereafter. Over the years, it has been venues of films like Razia Sultan (1983) Kamal Amrohi's last film as a director, Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) and Kaalia (1981), Khalnayak (1993), Koyla (1997), and recently the first schedule of film, Dabangg 2 was shot there in 2012, apart from the television shows are also shot at the complex.[16][18]

Death and legacy

Amrohi on a 2013 stamp of India
Amrohi died on 11 February 1993 in Mumbai[6], twenty one years after his wife Meena Kumari's death and ten years after making his last film, Razia Sultan (1983). He was buried next to Meena Kumari in Rehmatabad Qabristan, an Indian-Iranian graveyard in Mumbai.[citation needed]

Kamal Amrohi's only daughter from his second wife, Mehmoodie, Rukhsaar Amrohi (fondly called 'bitiya' as a child by Kamal Amrohi) gave a newspaper interview describing her version of life-events, which she witnessed, between her father Kamal Amrohi and Meena Kumari.[3]

Filmography[edit]

Title	Year	Credited as					Notes
		Director	Producer	Story	Screenplay	Dialogue
Jailor	1938
Chhalia	1938
Pukar	1939
Prem Ki Jyot	1939
Main Hari	1940
Bharosa	1940
Pagal	1940
Mazzaq	1943
Phool	1945
Shahjehan	1946
Romeo & Juliet	1947
Mahal	1949						[19] Directorial debut
Saqi	1952
Daera	1953
Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai	1960
Mughal E Azam	1960						Won-Filmfare Best Dialogue Award[4]
Zindagi aur Khwab	1961
Pakeezah	1972						[19] Nominated-Filmfare Award for Best Director.[20] Also Songwriter of the film
Shankar Hussain	1977						Also Songwriter of the film
Majnoon	1979						Incomplete film
Razia Sultan	1983						[19] Last film