Tutankhamun GRAVE FOUND 1923 FEBRUARY 16 AND ITS MYSTERY

Tutankhamun GRAVE FOUND 

1923 FEBRUARY 16 AND ITS MYSTERY

3ஆயிரம் ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன் எகிப்தில் மன்னராக இருந்த துட்டன்காமன் என்பவரின் கல்லறை 1923-ம் ஆண்டு பிப்ரவரி 16-ந் தேதி கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்டு திறக்கப்பட்டது.எகிப்தின் நைல் நதி அருகில் இருக்கும் தீப்ஸ் பகுதியில் 3000 ஆண்டு களாக, உலகின் கண்களில் இருந்து மறைந்து கிடந்த துட்டன்காமனின் கல்லறையை, பிரிட்டனைச் சேர்ந்த புகழ்பெற்ற தொல்பொருள் ஆராய்ச்சியாளர் ஹாவர்டு கார்ட்டர், அவரது நண்பருமான் லார்டு கார்னர்வோன் ஆகியோர் திறந்தனர்.

1923-ல் அந்தக் கல்லறையின் நான்காவது மற்றும் கடைசி அறை, பல அதிகாரிகளின் முன்னிலையில் திறக்கப்பட்டது. ஒன்றுக்குள் ஒன்றாக வைக்கப் பட்டிருந்த மூன்று சவப்பெட்டிகளின், கடைசிப் பெட்டியில், மன்னர் துட்டன்காமன் மீளாத் துயிலில் ஆழ்ந்திருந்தார். 18-வது வயதில் மர்மமான முறையில் இறந்த மன்னர் அவர். அவரது இறப்புக்கான காரணம் பற்றி இன்றுவரை ஆய்வுகள் தொடர் கின்றன. ஒரே நாளில் இந்தச் செய்தி உலகப் பிரசித்தி பெற்றுவிட்டது. இந்தச் சம்பவத்தை வைத்து புனையப்பட்ட கதைகள் ஏராளம். தனது கல்லறையைத் திறப்பவர்களுக்கு மரணம் நிச்சயம் என்று துட்டன்காமனின் கல்லறையில் எழுதப்பட்டிருந்தது.

கல்லறையைத் திறந்து 6 வாரங்களுக்குப் பிறகு, கொசுக்கடியால் ஏற்பட்ட தொற்றால், கெய்ரோ நகரில் கார்னர்வோன் மரணமடைந்தார். இதேபோல், அதே ஆண்டில் அந்தக் கல்லறையைப் பார்வையிட்ட ஜார்ஜ் ஜே கவுல்டு என்பவர் சில மாதங்களில் மர்மக் காய்ச் சலால் உயிரிழந்தார். துட்டன்காமனின் உடலை எக்ஸ்-ரே மூலம் ஆய்வுசெய்த சர் ஆர்ச்சிபால் டக்ளஸ் அடுத்த ஆண்டு மர்ம நோயால் இறந்தார்.

அதே போல இந்தப் பணியில் ஈடுபட்ட 58 பேரில் 8 பேர் அடுத்தடுத்து மரணம் அடைந்தனர். அதற்கு மன்னரின் ஆவி தான் காரணம் என்று கூறப்பட்டது.இப்படிப் பலர் மர்மமாக உயிரிழந்தது பலரின் கற்பனையைப் பயங்கரமாகத் தூண்டிவிட்டது.

மன்னர் துட்டன்காமன் கல்லறையைத் தோண்டிய கார்னர்வோனுக்குச் சொந்தமாக இத்தாலியில் பிரமாண்டமான பங்களா இருந்தது. மன்னர் துட்டன்காமன் ஆவி பயம் காரணமாக இங்கு யாரும் குடி வராமல் இருந்தார்கள். ஆனால் இத்தாலியின் முன்னாள் கால்பந்து வீரர், சாமுவெல் எடோ, அதைப் பொருட்படுத்தாமல் ரூ.178 கோடிக்கு அந்த பங்களாவை வாங்கி குடியேறிவிட்டார்.

Linen-Wrapped Mummy Found Inside 3,500-Year-Old Tomb in Luxor

Linen-Wrapped Mummy Found Inside 3,500-Year-Old Tomb in Luxor

An ancient mummy from the 18th dynasty (1550 B.C. to 1292 B.C.) was one of many archaeological findings in a tomb located in Luxor, Egypt.
Credit: Ibrahim Ramadan/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

Archaeologists have excavated two ancient tombs in Luxor, Egypt, that haven't seen the light of day in about 3,500 years, according to the country's antiquities ministry.

The tombs are filled with archaeological treasures, including a mummy wrapped in linen, as well as bright wall paintings and a small, painted wooden mask.

The Egyptian government hopes that the discoveries will help revive the country's tourism industry, which has fallen due to the extremist attacks and political turmoil following the 2011 Arab Spring, Antiquities Minister Khaled al-Anani said, according to the Associated Press. [In Photos: Ancient Tomb Full of Mummies Discovered in Luxor]

The antiquities ministry has known about both tombs since the 1990s, when German archaeologist Frederica Kampp found them and gave each a number ("Kampp 161" and "Kampp 150"), Mostafa Waziri, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities and head of the Egyptian excavation mission, said in a Dec. 9 statement.

However, archaeologists never excavated the "Kampp 161" tomb. Kampp began excavating the "Kampp 150" tomb but stopped when she reached the entrance, meaning she never entered it, the antiquities ministry said.

Both tombs are located in the Draa Abul Naga necropolis on Luxor's west bank. Each has several chambers within it, the antiquities ministry said.

A wall painting in one of the newly excavated tombs in Egypt.
Credit: Egypt Ministry of Antiquities
The new archaeological excavations revealed that Kampp 161 is lined with stone and mud-brick walls. It has a 20-foot-deep (6 meters) burial shaft and four side chambers.

Based on wall paintings, engravings and inscriptions found in Kampp 161, it's likely that the tomb dates to the era between the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep II and Pharaoh Thutmose IV, who ruled during the 18th dynasty, the archaeologists said. However, the name of the deceased is unknown.

Whoever this person was, he got a grand burial. The tomb has two feast scenes, one of which depicts a man (likely the deceased's brother) giving offerings and flowers to the deceased and his wife. A second scene, painted below the first, shows a number of guests standing in four rows.

Inside Kampp 161, the archaeologists found wooden artifacts, including a large mask that was originally part of a coffin honoring Osiris (the ancient Egyptian god of afterlife and rebirth); a small, painted mask; a fragment of a gilded wooden mask; and the lower part of an Osiris-shaped coffin decorated with a scene of the goddess Isis lifting up her hands, the antiquities ministry said. (Isis is the goddess that resurrected her dead husband, the king Osiris, according to ancient Egyptian mythology.)

Name game

The other tomb (Kampp 150) held a mummy — likely a top official or other powerful person — who was wrapped in linen and laid to rest in a long chamber.

The identity of the mummified person is unknown, but archaeologists have two guesses about his name: It could be "Djehuty Mes," a name engraved on one of the walls, or "Maati," a name inscribed alongside the name "Mehi," likely his wife, on 50 clay funerary cones discovered within the tomb. [Photos: Peaceful Funerary Garden Honored Egypt's Dead]

A ceiling carving of a symbol related to King Thutmose I indicates that the tomb dates to the end of the 17th dynasty and the beginning of the 18th dynasty, the antiquities ministry said.

A wooden, painted mast found in one of the tombs.
Credit: Egypt Ministry of Antiquities
Archaeologists found the burial of a woman named "Isis Nefret," who is likely the deceased's mother, inside the tomb. The woman's yellow-painted coffin had 36 funerary figurines, which are called ushabti. Ushabti figurines were thought to do work for the deceased in the afterlife, Live Science previously reported. One special ushabti — standing 24 inches (60 centimeters) tall and painted white, red, green, blue, yellow and black — depicts the woman in the form of Osiris.

A painted scene in the tomb shows a seated man offering food to four oxen, one of which is kneeling in front of the seated man, the antiquities ministry said.

The artifacts within the tomb include 100 funerary cones; painted wooden funerary masks; a collection of 450 statues carved in different materials, such as clay, wood and faience (glazed pottery); and a small box in the shape of a wooden coffin with a lid, which likely held one of the ushabti figurines.

The excavation is one of many conducted this past year in Luxor. In September, archaeologists announced that they had found an ancient goldsmith's tomb that was filled with mummies in Luxor, Live Science previously reported.

5,800-Year-Old Snowshoe Kept in Office its Finder is Oldest in the World

5,800-Year-Old Snowshoe Kept in Office 
 its Finder is Oldest in the World

5,800-Year-Old Snowshoe Kept in Office as a Keepsake by its Finder is Oldest in the World

A crude snowshoe dating back about 5,800 years has been turned over to authorities after an Italian cartographer found it near where the ice mummy of Otzi the Iceman, a Neolithic hunter slain some 500 years later, was discovered in the Italian Dolemite Alps. Researchers at a press conference called it an exceptional find.

The snowshoe is made of birch wood and twine, and experts say it was preserved in the icy environs of the South Tyrolean Alps, where Simone Bartolini was mapping Italy’s border with Austria in 2003, says the Telegraph in a story about the snowshoe.
Dr. Bartolini found the snowshoe on the Gurgler Eisjoch glacier near the Italian border with Austria at about 3,134 meters or 10,280 feet. It will be put on display in the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in Bolzano, the capital of German-speaking South Tyrol.

“At first I thought it was maybe 100 years old and was a snowshoe that belonged to a farmer who lost it while driving cattle. I kept it in my office as a keepsake," Dr. Bartolini said during the press conference, according to the Telegraph.
The Telegraph story says Dr. Bartolini did not realize the significance of the find until 2015, when he turned it over to archaeologists for study.

Otzi, also spelled as Oetzi, is named after the mountain range in which two German hikers found him.

 The corpse has helped shed light on what Otzi’s people ate and wore, their weapons and how they hunted and traveled, the Telegraph story says.
Otzi was killed after someone hit him with a blunt implement, possibly a club, and shot him with an arrow.

Researchers are unsure why anyone was traveling through such tough, barren terrain at an altitude of 10,000 feet, said Dr. Marzoli. Speculation has included that they were fleeing enemies, hunting or even visiting pagan worship or ritual centers.
As Ancient Origins reported in January 2015 , in an article titled ‘Ancient Artifacts and Human Remains Surface as Glaciers Melt’, archaeologists and hikers are finding artifacts and remains of humans and animals from hundreds or thousands of years ago.

The topic is so prevalent that Equinox Publishing has established the online Journal of Glacial Archaeology , which will report on archaeological discoveries from glacial, permafrost, polar and high‐altitude frozen contexts around the world. 

“The main themes will include archaeological analyses of recovered frozen artifacts, interpretations of frozen finds in relation to past and present climates, problems and solutions related to managing, monitoring and rescuing frozen deposits as well as social, political and ethical issues related to these discoveries … from Europe, North and South America, Asia and Antarctica,” the journal says.