LINA CAVALIERI , OPERA SINGER,ACTRESS BORN 1874 DECEMBER 25 - 1944 FEBRUARY 7

 

LINA CAVALIERI , OPERA SINGER,ACTRESS BORN 

1874 DECEMBER 25 - 1944 FEBRUARY 7

Natalina "Lina" Cavalieri (25 December 1874 – 7 February 1944)[1] was an Italian operatic soprano, actress, and monologist.[

She was an Italian operatic soprano and diseuse  known for her grace and beauty. Born Natalina Cavalieri, on Christmas Day at Viterbo, some eighty kilometers (50 miles) north of Rome, she lost her parents at the age of fifteen and became a ward of the state, sent to live in a Roman Catholic orphanage. The vivacious young girl was unhappy under the strict discipline of the nuns, and at the first opportunity she ran away with a touring theatrical group. Blessed with a good singing voice, a young Cavalieri made her way to Paris, France, where her appearance opened doors and she obtained work as a singer at one of the city's café-concerts. From there she performed at a variety of music halls and other such venues around Europe, while still working to develop her voice. Cavalieri took voice lessons and made her opera debut in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1900 (as Nedda in Pagliacci), the same year she married her first husband, the Russian Prince Alexandre Bariatinsky. In 1904, she sang at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo then in 1905, at the Sarah Bernhardt Theatre in Paris, Cavalieri starred opposite Enrico Caruso in the Umberto Giordano opera, Fedora. From there, she and Caruso took the opera to New York City, debuting with it at the Metropolitan Opera on 5 December 1906. Cavalieri remained with the Metropolitan Opera for the next

two seasons, performing again with Caruso in 1907, in Puccini's Manon Lescaut. Renowned as much for her great beauty as for her singing voice (and acting ability), she became one of the most photographed stars of her time. Frequently referred to as the "world's most beautiful woman," she was part of the tightlacing tradition that saw women use corsetry to create an "hour-glass" figure. During the 1909–1910 season she sang with Oscar Hammerstein's Manhattan Opera Company. Her first marriage long over, she had a whirlwind romance and marriage with Robert Winthrop Chanler (1872–1930), a member of New York's prominent Astor family. However, this marriage lasted only a very short time and Cavalieri returned to Europe where she became a much-loved star in pre-Revolutionary St. Petersburg, Russia, and in the Ukraine. Other operas in her repertoire included La bohème, La traviata, Faust, Manon, Andrea Chénier, Thaïs, Les contes d'Hoffmann (as the courtesan Giulietta), Rigoletto, Mefistofele (as both Margarita and Elena), Adriana Lecouvreur, Tosca, Hérodiade (as Salomé), Carmen (the title role), Siberia, and Zazà. During her career, Cavalieri sang with other great singers, including Giuseppe Anselmi, Mary Garden (the world premiere of Massenet's Chérubin, 1905), Mattia Battistini, Titta Ruffo, Feodor Chaliapin, Nikolay Figner, Antonio Scotti, Vanni Marcoux, Giuseppe Zanatello, Tito Schipa, and the French tenor Lucien Muratore, whom she married in 1913 after his divorce from soprano Marguerite Bériza.

After retiring from the stage, Cavalieri ran a cosmetic salon in Paris. In 1914, on the eve of her fortieth birthday — her beauty still spectacular — she wrote an advice column on make-up for women in Femina magazine and published a book, My Secrets of Beauty. In 1915, she returned to her native Italy to make motion pictures. When that country became involved in World War I, she went to the United States where she made four more silent films. The last three of her films were the product of her friend, the Belgian film director Edward José. Married for the fourth time to Paolo d’Arvanni, Cavalieri returned to live with her husband in Italy. Well into her sixties when World War II began, she nevertheless worked as a volunteer nurse. Cavalieri was killed on 7 February 1944 during an Allied bombing raid that destroyed her home in the countryside of Fiesole, a small town near Florence, where she was placed under polcie surveillance because of her foreign husband. Hearing an American bomber nearby, Cavalieri, her husband and servants ran to the air-raid shelter in the grounds, but Cavalieri and her husband were delayed because they were collecting her valuable jewellery from the house. Both Cavalieri and her husband were killed running to the air-raid shelter, while the servants inside the shelter all survived.

Chronology of some appearances

1899 Lisbona Teatro San Carlos Pagliacci (Nedda)

1900 Napoli  Teatro San Carlo Boheme (Mimi)

1901 Ravenna  Teatro Mariani Boheme (Mimi)

1901 Palermo  Teatro Massimo Boheme (Mimi)

1906 New York  Teatro Metropolitan Boheme (Mimi)

1907 New York  Teatro Metropolitan Adriana Lecouvreur (Adriana)

1907 New York  Teatro Metropolitan Boheme (Mimi)

1907 New York  Teatro Metropolitan Manon Lescaut (Manon)

1907 New York  Teatro Metropolitan Pagliacci (Nedda)

1907 Philadelphia  Academy of Music Boheme (Mimi)

1908 Bassano del Grappa  Teatro Sociale  Boheme (Mimi)

1908 New York  Teatro Metropolitan Manon Lescaut (Manon)

1908 New York  Teatro Metropolitan Pagliacci (Nedda)

1908 New York Manhattan Opera House Tosca (Tosca)

1908 Londra Covent Garden Tosca (Tosca)

1909 San Pietroburgo  Nuovo Conservatorio Boheme (Mimi)

1909 New York  Manhattan Opera House Carmen (Carmen)

1909 New York  Manhattan Opera House Pagliacci (Nedda)

1909 Philadelphia Opera Pagliacci (Nedda)

1910 New York  Teatro Manhattan Opera House Boheme (Mimi)

1910 Napoli  Teatro Bellini Carmen (Carmen)

INDIA FIRST HORSE DRAWN TRAM INTRODUCED IN BOMBAY 1874 MAY 9

INDIA FIRST HORSE DRAWN TRAM

 INTRODUCED IN BOMBAY 1874 MAY 9

.

முதல் குதிரை டிராம், மே 9, 1874 இல் கோலாபா முதல் பைடோனி வரை கிராஃபோர்டு சந்தை வழியாகவும், போரி பண்டர் பைடோனிக்கு இரண்டு வழிகளிலும் தொடங்கியது. இது இரண்டு குதிரைகள் மற்றும் சில டிராம்களால் ஆறு முதல் எட்டு குதிரைகளால் இழுக்கப்பட்டது . டிராம் சவாரி செய்வதற்கான செலவு ஒரு அணா .மணிக்கு  5 மைல் வேகத்தைக் கொண்டிருந்தது. 1874 ஆம் ஆண்டில் கல்பாதேவியில் இருந்து பைடோனி மற்றும் செயலகத்திலிருந்து ராம்பார்ட் ரோவுக்கு பயணிகளை ஏற்றிச் செல்லும் இரண்டு குதிரைகளுடன் குதிரை டிராம் மேலே உள்ள படத்தில் காட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது.

டிராம்கள் கிட்டத்தட்ட 90 ஆண்டுகளாக சேவை செய்தன. 1864 ஆம் ஆண்டில் பிரிட்டிஷர்கள் இந்த திட்டத்தை முன்மொழிந்து, ஒப்பந்தத்தை நிறுவனத்திற்கு வழங்கினர் - ஸ்டேர்ன்ஸ் மற்றும் கிட்டர்டெஜ் 1873 இல் டிராம் மூலம் இணைக்கப்பட்ட பகுதிகள் கிராண்ட் ரோடு, பைடோனி, கிர்காம், பைக்குல்லா பாலம் மற்றும் சசூன் கப்பல்துறை. மின்சார டிராம்கள் அறிமுகப்படுத்தப்பட்ட பின்னர், கிங் வட்டம் வரை பாதை நீட்டிக்கப்பட்டது. தாதர் முக்கிய டிராம் டெர்மினஸாக இருந்தது, இன்று வரை இது தாதர் டி.டி
மும்பையில் டிராம் சேவைகள் குறித்த சில உண்மைகள் கீழே:

- முதல் டிராம் சேவை (குதிரை இழுத்தது): மே 9, 1874

- 1907 ஆம் ஆண்டில், மும்பை மின்சார விநியோக மற்றும் டிராம்வேஸ் நிறுவனம் (B.E.S.T.) பம்பாய் டிராம்வே கம்பெனி லிமிடெட் (B.T.C.L.) ஐ வாங்கி நகரத்தின் முதல் மின்சார டிராம் அமைப்பை இயக்கத் தொடங்கியது. குதிரை இழுக்கும் டிராம் அமைப்பு மூடப்பட்ட சிறிது காலத்திலே 

- முதல் மின்சார டிராம்: மே 7, 1907.

- பெஸ்ட் தனது மோட்டார் பஸ் சேவையை ஜூலை 15, 1926 இல் அறிமுகப்படுத்தியது. முதல் சிறந்த பஸ்.
- டபுள் டெக் டிராம் சேவை செப்டம்பர் 1920 இல் தொடங்கியது; 1935 ஆம் ஆண்டில் சேவையின் உச்சத்தில், 433 டிராம்கள் 47 கிலோமீட்டரில் ஓடின.

மும்பையில் கடைசி டிராம் சேவை

மார்ச் 31, 1964 அன்று, கடைசி டிராம் மும்பை தெருக்களில் போரி பண்டர் மற்றும் கோடாத் டிராம் டெர்மினஸ் (இப்போது தாதர் டி.டி.) இடையே பயணித்தது. கடைசி டிராம் போரி பண்டரில் இருந்து இரவு 10 மணிக்கு

திட்டமிடப்பட்டது. விடைபெற பெரிய கூட்டம் கூடி, டிராம் முழு திறனுடன் நிரம்பியது









The first horse tram, begun on 9 May 1874 on two routes Colaba to Pydhonie via Crawford Market, and Bori Bunder to Pydhonie. It were drawn by two horses and some trams even by six to eight horses. The cost of riding the tram was one annas which had speed of 5 miles per hour.


The above image shows the horse tram with two horses carrying passengers from Kalbadevi to Pydhonie and Secretariat to Rampart Row in 1874.

Trams served the for almost 90 years. The Britishers proposed the project in 1864 and awarded the contract to the company – Stearns and Kitteredge in 1873.

The areas connected by tram was Grant Road, Pydhonie, Girgaum, Byculla bridge and Sassoon Dock. After the introduction of electric trams, the route was extended till King Circle. Dadar was the main tram terminus, till today it is known as Dadar T.T.

Below are some of the facts about Tram services in Mumbai:

– First tram service (horse-pulled): May 9, 1874

–  In 1907, the Bombay Electric Supply and Tramways Company (B.E.S.T.) purchased Bombay Tramway Company Limited (B.T.C.L.) and began operating the city’s first electric tram system. shortly after the horse-drawn tram system closed down.

–  First electric tram: May 7, 1907.

–  BEST launched its motorised bus service on July 15, 1926. First BEST bus.

–  Double-deck tram service began in September 1920; at the peak of service in 1935, 433 trams ran on 47 kilometres.

Last Tram Service in Mumbai

On 31st March 1964, the last tram travelled on the streets of Mumbai between Bori Bunder and Khodadad tram terminus (now Dadar T.T.). The last tram was scheduled at 10pm from Bori Bunder. To bid farewell large crowd gathered and the tram was packed to full capacity.

SHAHU IV MAHARAJ ,ACTIVIST BORN 1874 JUNE 26 - 1922 MAY 6

SHAHU IV MAHARAJ  ,ACTIVIST 

BORN 1874 JUNE 26 - 1922 MAY 6

நான்காம் சாகுமகராசர் (Shahu IV -Rajarshi Shahu 26 ஜுன், 1874 – 6 மே, 1922) மகாராட்டிர மாநிலத்தின் கோல்காப்பூர் சமாஸ்தான மன்னர். 'இராஜர்சி சாகுஜி சத்திரபதி' எனவும் 'சத்திரபதி சாகுஜி மகராஜ்' எனவும் அறியப்பட்டார். சமூகப் புரட்சியாளராகத் தன்னை அடையாளப்படுத்திக் கொண்ட ஒரே மன்னர். 1902 ஆம் ஆண்டிலேயே, தனது நிர்வாகத்திற்கு உட்பட்ட பகுதிகளில் பிற்படுத்தப்பட்டோர் அனைவருக்கும் 50 விழுக்காடு வேலைவாய்ப்பிற்கான இடங்களை ஒதுக்கி ஆணை பிறப்பித்தார். சாதி வேற்றுமை களையப் பாடுபட்டவர். பிராமண ஆதிக்கத்தினை எதிர்த்துப் புரட்சி செய்தவர். அம்பேத்கரின் இயக்கத்தில் துணை நின்று சமூக நீதியை நிலைநாட்டியவர்.

‘சாதியத்தோடு இணக்கம் கொள்ளாத சாகு மகாராசர்’ எனும் கட்டுரையைப் படித்தேன். இந்தியாவில் முதன் முதலில் 1895-இல் மைசூர் மன்னராட்சியில் பார்ப்பனரல்லாதாருக்கு இட ஓதுக்கீடு அரசாணை வெளியிடப்பட்டது. இதை எதிர்த்து பார்ப்பனர்கள் முறையிட்டதின் விளைவாக இந்த அரசாணை 1921-இல் நடைமுறைக்கு வந்தது. மைசூர், கோல்காபூர், பரோடா ஆகிய மன்னராட்சிக்கு உட்பட்ட பகுதிகளில் இடஒதுக்கீடு நடைமுறைப் படுத்தப்பட்டது.

இதற்கு மூலக்காரணமாக திகழ்ந்தவர் மருத்துவர் தாரவாட் மாதவன் நாயர் என்கிற டி. எம். நாயரே ஆவார். இவர்தான் இட ஒதுக்கீட்டின் தேவையை மன்னராட்சிக்கு உட்பட்ட மேற்கண்ட மூன்று இளவரசர்களுக்கும் கற்பித்தார் என்பது வரலாறு. இந்த ஒதுக்கீட்டின் தந்தை மருத்துவர் தாரவாட் மாதவன் நாயர் என்பதை மக்களுக்கு நினைவூட்டுவது நமது கடமையாகும்.

LINA CAVALIERI ITALIAN ACTRESS BORN 1874 DECEMBER 25

LINA CAVALIERI ITALIAN ACTRESS 

BORN 1874 DECEMBER 25

Natalina "Lina" Cavalieri (25 December 1874 – 7 February 1944)[1] was an Italian operatic soprano, actress, and monologist
Biography[edit source]
Lina Cavalieri was born on Christmas Day at Rieti, some 80 kilometres (50 mi) north of Rome.[3] She lost her parents at the age of fifteen and became a ward of the state, sent to live in a Roman Catholic orphanage. The vivacious young girl was unhappy under the strict discipline of the nuns, and at the first opportunity she ran away with a touring theatrical group.[citation needed]

At a young age, she made her way to Paris, France, where her appearance opened doors and she obtained work as a singer at one of the city's café-concerts. From there she performed at a variety of music halls and other such venues around Europe, while still working to develop her voice. She took voice lessons and made her opera debut in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1900 (as Nedda in Pagliacci), the same year she married her first husband, the Russian Prince Alexandre Bariatinsky. In 1904, she sang at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo then in 1905, at the Sarah Bernhardt Theatre in Paris, Cavalieri starred opposite Enrico Caruso in the Umberto Giordano opera Fedora. From there, she and Caruso took the opera to New York City, debuting with it at the Metropolitan Opera on 5 December 1906.[citation needed]

Lina Cavalieri, as painted by Giovanni Boldini

Cavalieri remained with the Metropolitan Opera for the next two seasons, performing again with Caruso in 1907, in Puccini's Manon Lescaut. She became one of the most photographed stars of her time. Frequently referred to as the "world's most beautiful woman", she was part of the tightlacing tradition that saw women use corsetry to create an "hour-glass" figure.[citation needed]

During the 1909–10 season she sang with Oscar Hammerstein's Manhattan Opera Company. Her first marriage long over, she had a whirlwind romance with Robert Winthrop Chanler (1872–1930), a member of the Astor family and Dudley–Winthrop family. They married on 18 June 1910 but separated by the end of their honeymoon, and their divorce became final in June 1912.[4]

After the divorce, Cavalieri returned to Europe where she became a much-loved star in pre-revolutionary St. Petersburg, Russia, and in Ukraine. Other operas in her repertoire included La bohème, La traviata, Faust, Manon, Andrea Chénier, Thaïs, Les contes d'Hoffmann (as the courtesan Giulietta), Rigoletto, Mefistofele (as both Margarita and Elena), Adriana Lecouvreur, Tosca, Hérodiade (as Salomé), Carmen (the title role), Siberia, and Zazà.

During her career, Cavalieri sang with other prominent singers, including Giuseppe Anselmi, Mary Garden (the world premiere of Massenet's Chérubin, 1905), Mattia Battistini, Titta Ruffo, Feodor Chaliapin, Nikolay Figner, Antonio Scotti, Vanni Marcoux, Giovanni Zenatello, Tito Schipa, and the French tenor Lucien Muratore, whom she married in 1913 after his divorce from soprano Marguerite Bériza. After retiring from the stage, Cavalieri ran a cosmetic salon in Paris. In 1914, on the eve of her fortieth birthday –

her beauty still spectacular – she wrote an advice column on make-up for women in Femina magazine and published a book, My Secrets of Beauty. In her Parisian Institut de Beauté, she licensed Parfums Isabey Paris and not only sold Isabey perfumes, but developed in 1926 a range of beauty products. The same year, she launched her own perfume, called "Mona Lina", apparently inspired by Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. In 1915, she returned to her native Italy to make motion pictures. When that country became involved in World War I, she went to the United States where she made four more silent films. The last three of her films were the product of her friend, the Belgian film director Edward José. Almost all of her films are considered lost films.

After marrying her fourth husband Paolo d’Arvanni, she returned to live with her husband in Italy. Well into her sixties when World War II began, she nevertheless worked as a volunteer nurse. Cavalieri was killed on 8 February 1944 during an Allied bombing raid that destroyed her home in Florence near Poggio Imperiale, where she was placed under police surveillance because of her foreign husband. Hearing an American bomber nearby, Cavalieri, her husband, and servants ran to the air-raid shelter in the grounds, but Cavalieri and her husband were delayed because they were collecting her valuable jewellery from the house.[5] Both Cavalieri and her husband were killed running to the air-raid shelter, while the servants inside the shelter all survived.[5]

Lina Cavalieri's discography is slim. In 1910, for Columbia, she recorded arias from La bohème, Tosca, Manon Lescaut, Carmen, Mefistofele, and Faust, as well as the song, "Maria, Marì! (Ah! Marì! Ah! Marì!)." In 1917, for Pathé, the soprano recorded "Le rêve passé," with Muratore. For American Pathé, she recorded arias from Carmen and Hérodiade.

Her portrait was painted by the Italian artist Giovanni Boldini (acquired by Maurice Rothschild) and by the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury. The latter painting is now the property of the Metropolitan Opera, the gift of Nicholas Meredith Turner in memory of his wife, the soprano Jessica Dragonette. Hers is the face that appears repeatedly, obsessively, in Piero Fornasetti's designs.

In 1955, Gina Lollobrigida portrayed Cavalieri in the film Beautiful But Dangerous (also known as The World's Most Beautiful Woman). In 2004, a book was published, written by Paul Fryer and Olga Usova, titled Lina Cavalieri: The Life of Opera’s Greatest Beauty, 1874—1944.

In the silent drama A Woman of Impulse, Lina Cavalieri receives Raymond Bloomer, on one knee, and Robert Cain, in evening dress.

Family[edit source]
From her first marriage to Alexandre Bariatinsky, Lina had one son, Alexandre Bariatinsky, Jr.[4] He was serving in the Italian Army early in WW1 when she went to the authorities to try to visit him.[6]

The Shadow of Her Past (1916)