QING DYNASTY-QIU JIN - Chinese feminist & revolutionary martyr BORN NOVEMBER 8,1875 - 1907 JULY 15

 

QING DYNASTY-QIU JIN - Chinese feminist & revolutionary martyr

BORN NOVEMBER 8,1875 - 1907 JULY 15

Qiu Jin (1875–1907) was a Chinese writer & poet, a strong-willed feminist who is considered a national hero in China. Also called “Jianhu Nüxia” (Woman Knight of Mirror Lake”), she was executed after participating in a failed uprising against the Qing Dynasty.

Qiu Jin was born in 1875 to a family of the gentry, and received an excellent education as was typical for a young woman of her position. She always loved to write, and in this period of her life she wrote many joyful poems on subjects ranging from flowers and the four seasons to visiting historical places and domestic activities. She also wrote about female heroes and warriors from Chinese history, in inspiring poems about their strength, courage, and beauty. One of her poems begins “Don’t tell me women / are not the stuff of heroes”. Her poetry reflected her self-confidence and desire to become an excellent female writer as valued by traditional Chinese culture.

When Qiu Jin was 19, she obeyed her father and married the son of a wealthy merchant, against her own wishes. Qiu became extremely unhappy in her marriage. She wrote of her husband, “That person’s behavior is worse than an animal’s….He treats me as less than nothing.” and “When I think of him my hair bristles with anger, it’s absolutely unbearable.” Her previous self-confidence was shaken and her dreams of becoming a recognized poet were abandoned. Her poetry from this period of her life was full of self-doubt and loneliness.

Boxer Rebellion Soldiers

Boxer Soldiers, courtesy Wikimedia Commons

During this period Qiu also began writing poetry about current events and the fate of China. After hearing of events such as the Boxer Rebellion and occupation of Beijing, she used her poetry, with literary allusion to heroines of the past, to express her conern about the fate of China and Chinese women. Qiu longed to serve her country but realized that that wasn’t possible as long as she was trapped in a conventional married life. Her marriage was an important catalyst in her development as a feminist and revolutionary.

In 1903, Qiu Jin moved with her husband to Beijing where he had purchased an official post. In Beijing, Qiu started reading feminist writings and became interested in women’s education.

Qiu Jin finally left her husband in 1903, leaving to study in Japan. She became vocal in her support for women’s rights, pressed for improved access to education for women in her journals and speech, and spoke out against the practice of foot-binding. Returning to China in 1905, she joined the Triads, an underground society who advocated for the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, and other anti-Qing societies both Chinese and Japanese. She admired the Japanese for their disciplined military spirit and thought that it played an important role in the modernization of Japan.

“With all my heart I beseech and beg my two hundred million female compatriots to assume their responsibility as citizens. Arise! Arise! Chinese women, arise!”

In 1906 Qiu founded her own journal, “Zhongguo nubao” (Chinese women’s journal), which featured nationalist and feminist writings. Unlike traditional and other nationalist views that held women’s place as mothers and educators in a traditional family role, Qiu Jin saw the traditional family as oppressive to women.

Qiu was appointed head of the Datong school in the city of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, in 1907. The school was supposedly for sport teachers, but was actually used for the military training of revolutionaries. In the final years of her life, she frequently cross-dressed, wearing western-style men’s clothing, and practiced military drills and training with her students. She became well-known as a chivalrous woman for helping the poor and weak.

At this time, Qiu was working with her cousin Xu Xilin to unite and train fellow revolutionaries who also believed that China needed a western-style government. On July 6, 1907, Xu was caught and tortured for information before an uprising they had scheduled in Anqing in Angui Province. He was executed the next day.

Qiu Jin learned about her cousin’s death and the failed uprising a few days later. She was warned that officials would be coming for her at the Datong school, but she stayed anyway, writing to her sword sister Xu Yunhua that she was determined to die for the cause. On July 13, Qiu was arrested. Even after being tortured she refused to talk about her involvement in the scheduled uprising, but incriminating evidence was found at the school. On July 15, 1907, Qiu Jin was beheaded publicly in her home village of Shanyin, at the age of 31.

Shocked by the brutal execution of a woman, many Chinese were strengthened in their resentment of the Qing dynasty. Qiu Jin immediately became a national hero, and was the subject of poetry, drama, and numerous works of fiction. Much of her writing, including her poetry and letters to family and friends, was published after her death.

To this day, Qiu Jin is a symbol of women’s independence in China. She is now buried by Xī Hú (West Lake) in Hangzhou, where a statue of her marks her tomb.

Statue of Qiu Jin, feminist revolutionary, at her tomb by West Lake

Statue of Qiu Jin at her tomb by West Lake, courtesy Autumn-Gem.com

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சியூ சின் (Qiu Jin: நவம்பர் 8, 1875 – ஜூலை 15, 1907), (Xuanqing (சீனம்: 璿卿; பின்யின்: Xuánqīng) and Jingxiong (எளிய சீனம்: 竞雄; மரபுவழிச் சீனம்: 競雄; பின்யின்: Jìngxióng), sobriquet Jianhu Nüxia (எளிய சீனம்: 鉴湖女侠; மரபுவழிச் சீனம்: 鑑湖女俠; பின்யின்: Jiànhú Nǚxiá; நேர்பொருளாக "Woman Knight of Mirror Lake"), ஒரு சீனப் புரட்சியாளரும் பெண்ணிய எழுத்தாளரும் கவிஞரும் ஆவார். சிங் அரச மரபை எதிர்த்து செய்த கிளர்ச்சியில் தோல்வி கண்டார். பின்னர் தூகிலிடப்பட்டார். இவர் தேசிய போராட்ட வீராங்கனையாக சீனாவில் மதிக்கப்படுகிறார்.[1]

இளமை

1875 இல் சீனாவில் ஓர் உயர்குடியில் சின் பிறந்தார். சிறந்த கல்விகற்ற சின் எப்பொழுதும் எழுதுவதையே விரும்பினார். இக்காலத்தில் அவர் பல கருப்பொருட்களில் கவிதைகளை எழுதினார். மலர்கள், பருவகாலங்கள், வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்பு மிக்க இடங்கள், நாட்டு நடவடிக்கைகள் குறித்த மகிழ்வுக் கவிதைகளை அவர் எழுதினார். மேலும் சீனவரலாற்றில் இடம்பெற்ற பெண் போராட்ட வீரர்கள், புரட்சியாளர்கள் ஆகியவர்கள் குறித்து எழுதினார். இவர்களைப் பற்றிய கவிதைகளில் அவர்களுடைய வலிமை, வீரம், அழகு ஆகியவற்றைக் குறித்து எழுச்சிமிகு பாடல்கள் இடம்பெற்றன. அவருடைய ஒரு கவிதை என்னிடம் சொல்லாதெ பெண் என்பவள் ஆணுக்குப் பயன் தருபவள் என்று எனத் தொடங்குகிறது. சியூவின் கவிதைகள் அவருடைய தன்னம்பிக்கையையும் அவருடைய பாரம்பரியமிக்க சீனக் கலாச்சாரத்தின் மதிக்கப்படக்கூடிய ஒரு சிறந்த பெண் எழுத்தாளராக வேண்டும் என்ற விருப்பத்தையும் எதிரொளித்தது.

JIM CORBETT SAVED HIMALAYANS FROM TIGERS OF MAN EATERS BORN 1875 JULY 25 -1955 APRIL 19

JIM CORBETT SAVED HIMALAYANS FROM 

TIGERS OF MAN EATERS BORN 

1875 JULY 25 -1955 APRIL 19

Jim Corbett, Indian WriterJim Corbett was born on 25th July 1875, in British India. Colonel James Edward Corbett slew eleven man-eating tigers in the foothills of the Himalayas and became the most widely read of all authors on India's wildlife. It was his defence of tigers in his book that has stayed on in the memory of his readers. Between 1905 and 1907 he shot the first man-eating tiger and panther. He has been a legend in his own lifetime. 

Life of Jim Corbett 

Jim Corbett hunted many of the tigers in the sal forests of the Ramganga River valley. He was not a full-throated fighter for the wildlife preservation. Corbett was a harbinger of change. In his later works he wrote more about the forests, trees, flowers, birds and animals. He is a hunter, conservationist and naturalist. His success in slaying the man-eaters earned him much reverence and distinction amongst the people residing in the villages of Kumaon, many of whom considered him a saint. 

Jim Corbett was a trail-blazing conservationist and lectured at local schools and societies to motivate awareness of the natural environed beauty and the need to conserve forests and their fauna. The tiger slayer was also known as a zealous photographer, illustrations of which still enrich his followers and readers. It was precisely after his retirement that Jim Corbett penned the 'Man-eaters of Kumaon', 'Jungle Lore', 'The Man Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag' and some other books recounting his hunts and experiences. These number of volumes enjoyed much critical acclamation and commercial achievement. Jim Corbett spoke up for the need to protect India's wildlife from extinction. The Corbett National Parkin Kumaon Himalaya has been named in his venerated honour. 

Some of the other books that were authored by Jim Corbett include 'Tree Tops' and 'My India', which have solely been dedicated in memory of Indian man-eaters and of course the country he loved to reside in. He acted cleverly to suit Indian writing needs. His scripting fashion was perhaps in-born, further heightening the books' clarity and conciseness; always sticking to the precise point, Jim Corbett was conscious to drive his information home. He was a man of extreme eruditeness and had even been capable to include classical elements in his writing. The manner in which the tiger slaying episodes have been described, exude a sense of anticipation, thrill and finally catharsis. He always maintained the 'diary' fashion, noting down the exact dates, as if reminiscing the moment of action. 

'Jungle Lore' was the closest that Jim Corbett ever came to penning an autobiography; his hugely contrasting writing features of being scholarly, descriptive and vivid, have always made him a hit amongst readers of all ages. He was always remembered as that loving British gentleman who never looked down upon 'blacks'. He passed 

away on April 19,1955

The lushness of the pea green forest, the fears of the woodlands are ideally depicted in the "Man Eater of Kumayun". 





Jim Corbett was born in Nainital in the year of 1875. He spent most of his life in the jungle of Kumaon. He is still remembered as a hero in the region, and his famed worldwide glows undimmed thanks to the books he wrote. This book evokes Corbett's life and world with a knowledge and authenticity lacking in other books on the subject. He was the master in the field and his mastery of writing reflects in most of his writing. 

In author's words, Corbett was a 'tiger among men, lover of the underdog, a hero in war and pestilence, a model zamindar and employer, an ascetic, naturalist, and, above all, a hunter of man-eating tigers and leopards for thirty-two active years. He was a man of the five continents where his fans are and will be. He is no more with us but his writings will always be with the reader's of Corbett's creation. 

Synopsis: 

Man-eaters of Kumaon by Jim Corbett contains some extraordinarily thrilling, so gripping, and yet, so extraordinarily humane at the same time. Corbett never tries to shock the reader with the gruesome details. All his experiences were taken from his own life. He narrated his life story only, which contains the hunting experiences. It can never be expected the tigers as bloodthirsty beasts in Corbett's stories. Corbett truly loves tigers and the readers will definitely have the feeling of the same. At the end of each hunting story Corbett gives the reason of why this particular tiger became a man-eater, often remarking that it was a result of a gunshot wound that disabled the tiger to hunt it's natural pray. It was Corbett who called tiger 'a big-hearted gentleman'. Corbett started campaigning for the ban on tiger hunting in the 1930s. That's why the first National Park of India is named after Jim Corbett, and that's why one of the sub-species of tiger - South-East Asian Tiger is also named after Jim Corbett. Another extremely important reason for a wide appeal of Jim Corbett's books is Jim Corbett's personality. In many of his writing he narrated the story as he is writing of someone very near and dear ones. Actually he used to love tigers and in his every writing this feelings has come up vigorously. 

'Man-eaters of Kumaon' is published by Oxford University Press in the year of 1993, this is a mesmerizing story by Jim Corbett which is admired by all over the world. 

'Man-eaters of Kumaon' is an excellent story by the author Jim Corbett. Like his other stories he narrated the jungle story very nicely in an attractive manner. Hats off to Jim Corbett and his tigers. 









The name clearly depicts the story or the content of the story. Jim Corbett's has a style of naming the story in a simple manner. And this is also not an exception. Tree Tops clearly says that the story is about the forest and about the treetop that is situated there at the jungle. 

Edward James 'Jim' Corbett was born on July 25th, 1875. The place was, Kumaon, in the beautiful paradise at the foothills of Himalayas. His father Christopher Corbett was postmaster of the town Nainital. From his childhood only he was very much attracted to wild life and consequently he spent his childhood in an area surrounded by beautiful Jungles and dangerous predators. He fell in love with the forest and its animals and since an early age he knew how to mimic animal sounds and track lethal predators. The quality of his even saved his life in many cases. He is also known as a conservationist and a big game photographer. Jim Corbett is actually famous as the hunter of the man-eaters. But on principle he never killed any innocent animal. Until it becomes troublesome for the people he never attacked any animal. He resorted largely to removing those dangerous Man-Eaters that terrorized Indian villagers a century ago. All the villagers used to take help from Corbett very often. At that time people would rather die of starvation in their huts than venture out in the open where the tigers growled and cunning leopards lay in waiting. But Corbett was fearless and tried to make the jungle a safe place for the people as well. 

Synopsis: 
'Tree tops' is a story written by Jim Corbett, which is based on a real treetop. Now this is called as tree top hotel. The treetop was built to accommodate 100 visitors near to a big water body where the wild animals including tiger, buffaloes, and elephants come to quench their thrust. One can see other such as waterbuck and bushbuck and an occasional bongo in the evening. In this book the description of treetop is given in a nice way that anyone can feel it in front of his or her eyes. The balcony is at least 30 feet above the pool, and from here anyone can see the remains of the old Tree Tops on the other side. It was burned down by the mau mau in 1954. It was built on a giant ficus tree and accommodated five or six people one time. In this place in the month of February, 1952 princess Elizabeth arrived with her husband to spend the night, and Corbett was invited to join them. They finished their dinner and fag and at that time one news came that king George VI has passed away in his sleep in Sandringham. This made the princess next heir to the throne. So it is described in the book very interestingly that one day one girl climbed in to a tree as a princess and surprisingly she climbed down as a Queen. And this happened for the first time. Corbett finished writing the final manuscript of this book on 6 April 1955. 13 days later he was dead. The book was published in October that year with an excellent foreword by Lord Hailey. He was Jim Corbett's dear friend who helped him immensely in the creation of India's first National park while he was the governor of U. P. The Corbett Park is India's permanent tribute to the man who truly loved, respected and helped the poor of India. 

Tree Tops is available in paperback in India, published by Oxford. This is the last creation of Jim Corbett. 

Tree Top is last creation of Jim Corbett. This is the only story, which is set outside India. Corbett set the backdrop at the savage beauty of Kenya's wildlife. He also narrates the royal visit in 1952 during which princess Elizabeth became queen Elizabeth. 

In 'My India' Corbett talks about the people of the country in an excellent manner. As usual the name itself is self-explanatory. This book deals with the country as he said my India. He always felt India as his own country and he believes in that way only. 





Jim Corbett was a very competent hunter as well as a good writer. Between the years 1907 and 1938, Jim Corbett killed nearly a dozen Man-Eaters in India. All of these were very ferocious predators who are estimated to have killed at least 1500 people during their time. Jim Corbett always took on the most dangerous animals. When everybody else had quit and all hope was lost. He hunted alone and routinely came within five to ten metres of the Man-Eater before killing it. He was fearless and he loves these tigers and doesn't kill them as along as they are safe for the mankind. His keen senses enabled him to outdo the most cunning of those lethal cats that included the Champawat Tigress. She killed almost 436 lives, the Panar Leopard killed 400 lives. Those were the times when over a hundred thousand tigers roamed freely in India and frankly in many parts it was a matter of whether the tiger or humans would survive. Jim Corbett has narrated his entire hunting story very nicely. He has written many books all of which describes the forest life in a vivid way. 

Synopsis: 
'My India' by Jim Corbett is a deviation from the usual pattern of the author. He always makes the common and poor men of India his subject, although the pleasant sensation and suspense of the hunting books do not subside a bit here. Jim Corbett's forefathers had come to India from Britain to serve the empire. They worked in the railways. The autobiographical 'My India' weaves together many anecdotes involving Corbett's fellow workers, his living quarters in Mokameh Ghat and Kaladhungi and his adventures into the wild have been described vividly. These personal accounts are awash with his deep understanding of and sympathy for the poor men of India, to whom the book has been dedicated. This book carries this simple difference from the other creations of Jim Corbett. In 'my India', Corbett writes in his dedication about the people. According to him there are four hundred million people, ninety per cent of whom are simple, honest, brave, loyal, hard-working souls whose daily prayer to God, and to whatever Government is in power, is to give them security of life and property to enable them to enjoy the fruits of their labors. These qualities possessed by the author himself attracted Corbett to the multitude. 

'My India' is written by Jim Corbett and published by the Safari Press in the year of 1991. 

'My India' is a story by Jim Corbett, which he created in his leisure time. Although Mr. Corbett was an Englishman living in India, he recounted and related the daily, ordinary life, with ordinary people of India in 1930 - 60. It is not about the British Raj in India. This is very hard to locate but worth trying to find it to read. This book describes how the ordinary people lived in India at that time, in villages, and jungles as well. This book is dedicated to 'my friends the poor of India' for whom it is a best seller in India. Mr. Corbett later became a true conservationist. 









he story 'Jungle Lore' is wonderfully named as this contains the full meaning of the story. Lore means traditionally transmitted stories and so jungle lore means the stories of the jungle. This is beautifully named by the author Jim Corbett. The name itself tells the inner content which is full of exciting stories about the jungle and its man-eaters. 

The original name of Jim Corbett is Edward James. He was born of Irish ancestry in the town of Naini Tal in the Kumaon foothills of the Himalayas. Jim was the eighth child of Christopher and Mary Jane Corbett. His parents had moved to Nainital in 1862. Jim Corbett's father Christopher Corbett had been appointed postmaster of the town. Jim studied at Oak Openings School, St Joseph's College and the Diocese Boys School in Naini Tal. This college was later renamed as Sherwood College. After completing high school, he joined the Bengal and North Western Railway, initially working as a fuel inspector at Manakpur in the Punjab, and subsequently as a contractor for the transshipment of goods across the Ganges at Mokama Ghat in Bihar. Jim Corbett was a hunter and fishing enthusiast in his early life. But in later days he was intereted in photography. As his admiration for tigers and leopards grew, he resolved never to shoot them unless they turned man-eater or posed a threat to cattle. Between 1907 and 1938, Corbett tracked and killed lot of man-eaters. These man eaters almost killed 1500 men, women and children in their tenure. His very first success, the Champawat Tiger in Champawat, alone was responsible for 436 documented deaths. He was a very competent hunter but never wasted his talent on innocent animals. 

Synopsis: Jungle Lore, Jim Corbett'Jungle Lore' by Jim Corbett is a sort of autobiography. The book contains the upbringing and childhood part which is very interesting. As it progresses, like other books of Jim Corbett's the 'Jungle Lore' also concentrates on the minute information about jungles, animals, classification of species. It is also related to hunting story. The best thing about the novel apart from its length is that this book is informative as well as educational. This autobiography seems to be best suited for Jim Corbett, as he has written what pleases him. Tiger and leopard hunting seemed to be Jim Corbett's passion. A major part of this book is devoted to this topic only. It narrates elaborately how he killed those man-eaters. And those adventures, which not only provided information about birds and snakes initially but also, assisted the reader in getting hooked. In this book, one sees the love affair Corbett has with the wildlife of the Himalayas. Corbett had immense knowledge of the plants and animals of the Himalayas and he gave all the information in this book in best possible way. But still, he believes that he had absorbed only a little from the 'book of nature'. He used to roam in the jungles of Shivalik armed with a catapult. He was always fearless of tigers and other wild animals. In this book, Corbett indirectly indicates that today Man is 'killing' Mother Nature. A unique part of this book is that everything Corbett learnt are not presented as thrilling episodes but as chapters. Corbett presents numerous incidents related to the theme he is talking about. In some chapters, he teaches us a few things, like examining girth of a snake, pug marks etc. 

Oxford University Press, USA is the publisher of 'Jungle Lore' by Jim Corbett, which is his autobiography narrating the dreadful stories of jungle. 

'Jungle Lore' by Jim Corbett is the tale of his hunting in indian jungles. Jungle Lore reveals some of his untold part of life. His life-long passion for the people, jungle, and animals of the Kumaon hills in the Himalayan foothills are clearly depicted in the story. He was an excellent writer and this autobiographical story repeats the same tradition. away on 19th April 1955. 

QIU JIN , CHINESE REVOLUTIONIST BORN 1875 ,NOVEMBER 8 邱金，中国革命家 生于1875年11月8日

QIU JIN , CHINESE REVOLUTIONIST 

BORN 1875 ,NOVEMBER 8 邱金，中国革命家

生于1875年11月8日

Qiu Jin (Chinese: 秋瑾; pinyin: Qiū Jǐn; Wade–Giles: Ch'iu Chin; November 8, 1875 – July 15, 1907) was a Chinese revolutionary, feminist, and writer. Her courtesy names are Xuanqing (Chinese: 璿卿; pinyin: Xuánqīng) and Jingxiong (simplified Chinese: 竞雄; traditional Chinese: 競雄; pinyin: Jìngxióng). Her sobriquet name is Jianhu Nüxia (simplified Chinese: 鉴湖女侠; traditional Chinese: 鑑湖女俠; pinyin: Jiànhú Nǚxiá) which, when translated literally into English, means "Woman Knight of Mirror Lake". Qiu was executed after a failed uprising against the Qing dynasty, and she is considered a national heroine in China.

Biography[edit source]

Wax figure of Qiu Jin at her desk.

Born in Xiamen, Fujian[1], Qiu grew up in her ancestral home, Shanyin Village, Shaoxing, Zhejiang. During an unhappy marriage, Qiu came into contact with new ideas. She became a member of the Triads and Tongmenghui secret society[2] who at the time advocated the overthrow of the Qing and restoration of Han Chinese governance.

In 1903, she decided to travel overseas and study in Japan[3], leaving her two children behind. She initially entered a Japanese language school in Surugadai, but later transferred to the Girls' Practical School in Kōjimachi, run by Shimoda Utako.[4] Qiu was fond of martial arts, and she was known by her acquaintances for wearing Western male dress[5][6][7] and for her nationalist, anti-Manchu ideology. She joined the anti-Qing society Guangfuhui, led by Cai Yuanpei, which in 1905 joined together with a variety of overseas Chinese revolutionary groups to form the Tongmenghui, led by Sun Yat-sen.

Within this Revolutionary Alliance, Qiu was responsible for the Zhejiang Province. Because the Chinese overseas students were divided between those who wanted an immediate return to China to join the ongoing revolution and those who wanted to stay in Japan to prepare for the future, a meeting of Zhejiang students was held to debate the issue. At the meeting, Qiu allied unquestioningly with the former group and thrust a dagger into the podium, declaring: "If I return to the motherland, surrender to the Manchu barbarians, and deceive the Han people, stab me with this dagger!"[citation needed] She subsequently returned to China in 1906 along with some 2,000 other students.[8]

Whilst still based in Tokyo, Qiu single-handedly edited a journal entitled Vernacular Journal (Baihua Bao). The journal published a number of issues using vernacular Chinese as a medium of revolutionary propaganda. In one issue, Qiu wrote a manifesto entitled "A Respectful Proclamation to China's 200 Million Women Comrades", where she lamented the problems caused by bound feet and oppressive marriages[9]. Having suffered from both ordeals herself, Qiu explained her experience in the manifesto and received an overwhelmingly sympathetic response from her readers.[10] Also outlined in the manifesto was Qiu's belief that a better future for women lay under a Western-type government instead of the Qing government that was in power at the time. She joined forces with her cousin Xu Xilin[11] and together they worked to unite many secret revolutionary societies to work together for the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty.

She was an eloquent orator[12] who spoke out for women's rights, such as the freedom to marry, freedom of education, and abolishment of the practice of foot binding. In 1906 she founded a radical women's journal with another female poet, Xu Zihua[13], called China Women's News (Zhongguo nü bao), though it published only two issues before it was closed by the authorities.[14] In 1907 she became head of the Datong school in Shaoxing, ostensibly a school for sport teachers, but really intended for the military training of revolutionaries.

On July 6, 1907 Xu Xilin was caught by the authorities before a scheduled uprising in Anqing. He confessed his involvement under torture and was executed. On July 12, the authorities arrested Qiu at the school for girls where she was the principal. She was tortured as well but refused to admit her involvement in the plot. Instead the authorities used her own writings as incrimination against her and, a few days later, she was publicly beheaded in her home village, Shanyin, at the age of 32[15]. Her last written words, her death poem, uses the literal meaning of her name, Autumn Gem, to lament of the failed revolution that she would never see take place:

Autumn wind, autumn rain -- they make one die of sorrow.[16]

The entrance to her former residence in Shaoxing, which is now a museum.
Qiu was immortalised in the Republic of China's popular consciousness and literature after her death. She is now buried beside West Lake in Hangzhou. The People's Republic of China established a museum for her in Shaoxing, named after Qiu Jin's Former Residence (绍兴秋瑾故居).

Her life has been portrayed in plays, popular movies and a documentary (Autumn Gem)[17]. One film, simply entitled Qiu Jin, was released in 1983 and directed by Xie Jin;[18][19]. Another film, released in 2011, was entitled Jing Xiong Nüxia Qiu Jin (竞雄女侠秋瑾), or The Woman Knight of Mirror Lake, and directed by Herman Yau. She is briefly shown in the beginning of 1911, being led to the execution ground to be beheaded. The movie was directed by Jackie Chan and Zhang Li. Immediately after her death Chinese playwrights used the incident, "resulting in at least eight plays before the end of the Ch'ing dynasty."[20]

Literary works[edit source]

Because Qiu is mainly remembered in the West as revolutionary and feminist, her poetry and essays are often overlooked (though owing to her early death, they are not great in number). Her writing reflects an exceptional education in classical literature, and she writes traditional poetry (shi and ci). Qiu composes verse with a wide range of metaphors and allusions that mix classical mythology with revolutionary rhetoric.

《日人石井君索和即用原韻》

Chinese

English [22]

漫云女子不英雄， 萬里乘風獨向東。 詩思一帆海空闊， 夢魂三島月玲瓏。 銅駝已陷悲回首， 汗馬終慚未有功。 如許傷心家國恨， 那堪客裡度春風。

Don't tell me women are not the stuff of heroes, I alone rode over the East Sea's winds for ten thousand leagues. My poetic thoughts ever expand, like a sail between ocean and heaven. I dreamed of your three islands, all gems, all dazzling with moonlight. I grieve to think of the bronze camels, guardians of China, lost in thorns. Ashamed, I have done nothing; not one victory to my name. I simply make my war horse sweat. Grieving over my native land hurts my heart. So tell me; how can I spend these days here? A guest enjoying your spring winds?

For example, in a poem, Capping Rhymes with Sir Ishii From Sun's Root Land[21] we read the following:
Editors Sun Chang and Saussy explain the metaphors as follows:

《有怀——游日本时作》

Chinese	English [24]
日月无光天地昏， 沉沉女界有谁援。 钗环典质浮沧海， 骨肉分离出玉门。 放足湔除千载毒， 热心唤起百花魂。 可怜一幅鲛绡帕， 半是血痕半泪痕。	Sun and moon have no light left, earth is dark; Our women's world is sunk so deep, who can help us? Jewelry sold to pay this trip across the seas, Cut off from my family I leave my native land. Unbinding my feet I clean out a thousand years of poison, With heated heart arouse all women's spirits. Alas, this delicate kerchief here Is half stained with blood, and half with tears.

line 4: "Your islands" translates "sandao," literally "three islands," referring to Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, while omitting Hokkaido - an old fashion way of referring to Japan.

line 6: ... the conditions of the bronze camels, symbolic guardians placed before the imperial palace, is traditionally considered to reflect the state of health of the ruling dynasty. But in Qiu's poetry, it reflects instead the state of health of China.[23]
On leaving Beijing for Japan, she wrote a poem summarizing her life until that point




சியூ சின் (Qiu Jin: நவம்பர் 8, 1875 – ஜூலை 15, 1907), (Xuanqing (சீனம்: 璿卿; பின்யின்: Xuánqīng) and Jingxiong (எளிய சீனம்: 竞雄; மரபுவழிச் சீனம்: 競雄; பின்யின்: Jìngxióng), sobriquet Jianhu Nüxia (எளிய சீனம்: 鉴湖女侠; மரபுவழிச் சீனம்: 鑑湖女俠; பின்யின்: Jiànhú Nǚxiá; நேர்பொருளாக "Woman Knight of Mirror Lake"), ஒரு சீனப் புரட்சியாளரும் பெண்ணிய எழுத்தாளரும் கவிஞரும் ஆவார். சிங் அரச மரபை எதிர்த்து செய்த கிளர்ச்சியில் தோல்வி கண்டார். பின்னர் தூகிலிடப்பட்டார். இவர் தேசிய போராட்ட வீராங்கனையாக சீனாவில் மதிக்கப்படுகிறார்.[1]

இளமை[மூலத்தைத் தொகு]
1875 இல் சீனாவில் ஓர் உயர்குடியில் சின் பிறந்தார். சிறந்த கல்விகற்ற சின் எப்பொழுதும் எழுதுவதையே விரும்பினார். இக்காலத்தில் அவர் பல கருப்பொருட்களில் கவிதைகளை எழுதினார். மலர்கள், பருவகாலங்கள், வரலாற்றுச் சிறப்பு மிக்க இடங்கள், நாட்டு நடவடிக்கைகள் குறித்த மகிழ்வுக் கவிதைகளை அவர் எழுதினார். மேலும் சீனவரலாற்றில் இடம்பெற்ற பெண் போராட்ட வீரர்கள், புரட்சியாளர்கள் ஆகியவர்கள் குறித்து எழுதினார். இவர்களைப் பற்றிய கவிதைகளில் அவர்களுடைய வலிமை, வீரம், அழகு ஆகியவற்றைக் குறித்து எழுச்சிமிகு பாடல்கள் இடம்பெற்றன. அவருடைய ஒரு கவிதை என்னிடம் சொல்லாதெ பெண் என்பவள் ஆணுக்குப் பயன் தருபவள் என்று எனத் தொடங்குகிறது. சியூவின் கவிதைகள் அவருடைய தன்னம்பிக்கையையும் அவருடைய பாரம்பரியமிக்க சீனக் கலாச்சாரத்தின் மதிக்கப்படக்கூடிய ஒரு சிறந்த பெண் எழுத்தாளராக வேண்டும் என்ற விருப்பத்தையும் எதிரொளித்தது.

SARDAR VALLABHAI PATEL ,THE MAN WHO CONSOLITATE 565 STATES WITHIN 2 YEARS BORN 1875 OCTOBER 31

SARDAR VALLABHAI PATEL ,THE MAN WHO CONSOLITATE 565 STATES WITHIN 2 YEARS  

BORN 1875 OCTOBER 31

"சர்தார் வல்லபபாய் படேல் தன் குடும்பத்திற்காக எதையும் செய்ததில்லை; அவரது குடும்பத்தாரும் "படேல் எங்களுக்கே சொந்தம்' என்று உரிமை கொண்டாடியதில்லை' என்று பிரதமர் நரேந்திர மோடி புகழாரம் சூட்டினார்.
சுதந்திரத்துக்குப் பின் தேசத்தை ஒருங்கிணைத்தவரும், நாட்டின் முதல் மத்திய உள்துறை அமைச்சருமான சர்தார் வல்லபபாய் படேலின் 141-ஆவது பிறந்த தினம் திங்கள்கிழமை கொண்டாடப்பட்டது. இதையொட்டி தில்லியில் படேலின் வாழ்க்கை வரலாற்றைச் சித்திரிக்கும் கண்காட்சியை பிரதமர் மோடி தொடங்கி வைத்தார்.
அப்போது அவர் பேசியதாவது:
நம்மிடையே உள்ள பிரிவுகள் மீது மட்டுமே கவனம் செலுத்திக் கொண்டிருந்தாலோ, ஒற்றுமை உணர்வுடன் வாழா விட்டாலோ, இந்தியாவைப் போன்ற வேறுபாடுகள் நிறைந்த நாட்டை நடத்திச் செல்ல முடியாது.

ஒற்றுமையைப் பற்றி பேசும்போது ஒரு விஷயம் தெளிவாகிறது. நானோ பாஜகவைச் சேர்ந்தவன். சர்தார் படேலோ, காங்கிரûஸச் சேர்ந்தவர். ஆனாலும் நாம் அவரது பிறந்த தினத்தை அதே உற்சாகத்துடன் கொண்டாடுகிறோம்.
சர்தார் படேலின் பிறந்த தினத்தைக் கொண்டாடுவதற்கு நான் (மோடி) யார்? என்று சிலர் கேட்பதைக் கண்டு நான் வியப்படைந்தேன். ஆனால், படேல் எப்படிப்பட்டவர் என்றால் அவருக்காக குடும்பத்தினர் சொந்தம் கொண்டாடியதில்லை. பொது வாழ்க்கையில் அவர் ஈடுபட்டிருந்தபோது தன் குடும்பத்திற்காக எதையும் செய்ததில்லை. அவர் எதைச் செய்தாலும் நாட்டுக்கு ஆற்றிய கடமையாகவே நினைத்து அதைச் செய்தார்.
சிலர் (படேல்) மிகவும் உயர்ந்தவர்கள். அவர்கள் நாட்டுக்கு ஆற்றிய பங்களிப்பை மறக்கடிக்கச் செய்ய கடந்த 70 ஆண்டுகளாக முயற்சிகள் மேற்கொள்ளப்பட்டன. ஆனால், அந்த முயற்சிகளுக்கு வெற்றி கிட்டவில்லை.
ஆமதாபாத் நகராட்சித் தலைவராக படேல் இருந்தபோது, பெண்களுக்கு 33 சதவீத இடஒதுக்கீட்டைக் கொண்டுவருவதற்கான தீர்மானத்தைக் கொண்டுவந்தார்.

நாடு சுதந்திரம் பெற்ற பிறகு அரசுக்கு படேல்தான் தலைமை தாங்க வேண்டும் என்றே பெரும்பாலான மாநிலங்கள் விரும்பின. நேரு பிரதமராக வேண்டும் என்று அவை விரும்பவில்லை. எனினும், இந்த விவகாரத்தில் காந்தியின் விருப்பத்தை படேல் ஏற்றுக் கொண்டார்.
அதைத் தொடர்ந்தே நேரு பிரதமரானார் என்றார் அவர்.
முன்னதாக, தில்லியில் படேல் செüக்கில் உள்ள அவரது சிலைக்கு பிரதமர் மோடி, மாலை அணிவித்து மரியாதை செலுத்தினார். தொடர்ந்து தேசிய ஒருமைப்பாட்டை வலியுறுத்தி நடைபெற்ற ஓட்டத்தை கொடியசைத்து தொடங்கி வைத்து பேசியதாவது:
சர்தார் வல்லபபாய் படேலின் பிறந்த தினத்தில் அவருக்கு தலைவணங்கி மரியாதை செலுத்துகிறேன். இந்தியாவுக்கு அவர் ஆற்றிய தொண்டு மிகப்பெரியது.

சுதந்திரத்துக்குப் பிறகு இந்திய தேசத்தை ஒருங்கிணைக்கும் மிகப்பெரிய பொறுப்பை ஏற்று வெற்றிகரமாக செயல்படுத்திய அவர், இந்தியாவை வலுப்படுத்துவதிலும் முக்கியப் பங்கு வகித்தார். இன்று காஷ்மீர் முதல் கன்னியாகுமரி வரை கடவுச் சீட்டு போன்ற ஆவணங்கள் ஏதுமின்றி நாம் பயணம் செய்கிறோம்.

இதற்கு சர்தார் வல்லபபாய் படேல் என்ற ஒரு மனிதர்தான் காரணம். தேசத்தின் அனைத்து சமஸ்தானங்களையும் ஒருங்கிணைத்து இந்திய தேசத்தைக் கட்டமைத்த சாதனையாளர் அவர். இப்போது இந்தியா மிகவும் பலமான, பொருளாதார ரீதியாக சக்தி வாய்ந்த நாடாக இருப்பதற்கு தேசம் ஒருங்கிணைந்ததுதான் முக்கியக் காரணம்.
எனவே, தேசத்தை பிளவுபடுத்த நினைக்கும் தீயசக்திகளிடம் மக்கள் எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருக்க வேண்டும் என்றார் அவர்.
இந்தியாவின் இரும்பு மனிதர் என்று வர்ணிக்கப்படும் சர்தார் வல்லபபாய் படேல் குஜராத்தைச் சேர்ந்தவர். நாட்டின் மிக உயரிய விருதான "பாரத ரத்னா' மறைவுக்குப் பின் அளிக்கப்பட்டது