GENERAL OFFENDERS ACT 1871 OCTOBER 12

 

GENERAL  OFFENDERS ACT 1871 OCTOBER 12

இந்தியாவில் 160 சாதிகள் கிரிமினலோடு தொடர்புடையவர்கள் ,கண் காணிக்க படவேண்டிய வர்கள் என்ற சட்டம் 1871 அக்டோபர் 12 இல் இயற்றப்பட்டது . இதில் குறவர்கள் , தேவர் அனைவரும் கொலை ,கொள்ளை மற்றும் பித்தலாட்டங்களில் ஈடுபட்டதால் இவர்கள் எச்சரிக்கையாய் பழக வேண்டியவர்கள் என்று ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் சட்டம் கொண்டு வந்தார்கள் 1952 இல் தான் இச் சட்டம் விலக்கிக்கொள்ளப்பட்டு பொது Habitual Offender’s Act.

வந்தது

Denotified Tribes (DNTs), also known as Vimukta Jati,[1] are the tribes that were originally listed under the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871,[2] as "Criminal Tribes" and "addicted to the systematic commission of non-bailable offences." Once a tribe became "notified" as criminal, all its members were required to register with the local magistrate, failing which they would be charged with a "crime" under the Indian Penal Code. The Criminal Tribes Act of 1952 repealed the notification, i.e. 'de-notified' the tribal communities. This Act, however, was replaced by a series of Habitual Offenders Acts, that asked police to investigate a "suspect's" "criminal tendencies" and whether their occupation is "conducive to settled way of life." The denotified tribes were reclassified as "habitual offenders" in 1959.

The name "Criminal Tribes" is itself a misnomer as no definition of tribe denotes occupation, but they were identified as tribes "performing" their primary occupation. The first census was in 1871 and at that time there was no consensus nor any definition of what constitutes a "tribe". The terms "tribe" and "caste" were used interchangeably for these communities.

Call for repeal[edit source]

The UN's anti-discrimination body Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) asked India to repeal the Habitual Offenders Act (1952) and effectively rehabilitate the denotified and nomadic tribes on 9 March 2007.[3]

Reservations[edit source]

In 2008, the National Commission for Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Tribes (NCDNSNT) of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment recommended equal reservations, as available to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, for around 110 million people belonging to the denotified tribes, nomadic or semi-nomadic tribes in India.[4] Along with the tribes designated as, "Nomadic" or "Semi-Nomadic", the denotified tribes are eligible for reservation.[5][6]

In 1952, the Indian Government withdrew the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 throughout India and enacted Habitual Offender’s Act. This act does not depart significantly from the Criminal Tribes Act from which it is derived. Both the Criminal Tribes Act and the Habitual Offender's Act negate the universally proclaimed principle that "all human beings are born free and equal". The listing of these denotified and nomadic under the Habitual Offender’s Act also negates the principle of the criminal justice system – innocent until proven guilty.

Denotified Tribes

1. Attur Kilnad Koravars

2. Attur Meland Koravars

3. Appanad Kondayam Kottai Maravar

4. Ambalakarar

5. Ambalakkarar

6. Boyas

7. Battu Turkas

8. C.K. Koravars

9. Chakkala

10. Changayampudi Koravars

11. Chettinad Valayars

12. Dombs

13. Dobba Koravars

14. Dommars

15. Donga Boya

16. Donga Ur. Korachas

17. Devagudi Talayaris

18. Dobbai Korachas

19. Dabi Koravars

20. Donga Dasaris

21. Gorrela Dodda Boya

22. Gudu Dasaris

23. Gandarvakottai Koravars

24. Gandarvakottai Kallars

25. Inji Korvars

26. Jogis

27. Jambavanodai

28. Kaladis

29. Kal oddars

30. Koravars

31. Kalinji Dabikoravars

32. Kootappal kallars

33. Kala Koravars

34. Kalavathila Boyas

35. Kepmaris

36. Maravars

37. Monda Koravars

38. Monda Golla

39. Mutlakampatti

40. Nokkars

41. Nellorepet Oddars

42. Oddars

43. Pedda Boyas

44. Ponnai Koravars

45. Piramalai kallars

46. Peria Suriyur Kallars

47. Padayachi

48. Punnan Vettuva Gounder

49. c

50. Salem Melnad Koravars

51. Salem Uppu Koravars

52. Sakkaraithamadai Koravars

53. Saranga palli Koravars

54. Sooramari Oddars

55. Sembanad Maravars

56. Thalli Koravars

57. Thelungapatti Chettis

58. Thottia Naickers

59. Thogamalai Koravars or Kepmaris

60. Uppukoravars or Settipalli Koravars

61. Urali Gounders

62. Wayalpad or Nawalpeta Korachas

63. Vaduvarpatti Koravars

64. Valayars

65. Vettaikarar

66. Vetta Koravars

67. Varaganeri Koravars

68. Vettuva Gounder

Source: Renke commission -200