JAN AUSTEN ,BRITISH WRITER
BORN DECEMBER 16,1775
Jane Austen was a Georgian era author, best known for her social commentary in novels including 'Sense and Sensibility,' 'Pride and Prejudice,' and 'Emma.'
Who Was Jane Austen?
Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, in Steventon, Hampshire, England. While not widely known in her own time, Austen's comic novels of love among the landed gentry gained popularity after 1869, and her reputation skyrocketed in the 20th century. Her novels, including Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, are considered literary classics, bridging the gap between romance and realism.
Early Life
The seventh child and second daughter of Cassandra and George Austen, Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775, in Steventon, Hampshire, England. Jane's parents were well-respected community members. Her father served as the Oxford-educated rector for a nearby Anglican parish. The family was close and the children grew up in an environment that stressed learning and creative thinking. When Jane was young, she and her siblings were encouraged to read from their father's extensive library. The children also authored and put on plays and charades.
Over the span of her life, Jane would become especially close to her father and older sister, Cassandra. Indeed, she and Cassandra would one day collaborate on a published work.
In order to acquire a more formal education, Jane and Cassandra were sent to boarding schools during Jane's pre-adolescence. During this time, Jane and her sister caught typhus, with Jane nearly succumbing to the illness. After a short period of formal education cut short by financial constraints, they returned home and lived with the family from that time forward.
Literary Works
Ever fascinated by the world of stories, Jane began to write in bound notebooks. In the 1790s, during her adolescence, she started to craft her own novels and wrote Love and Freindship [sic], a parody of romantic fiction organized as a series of love letters. Using that framework, she unveiled her wit and dislike of sensibility, or romantic hysteria, a distinct perspective that would eventually characterize much of her later writing.
Jane spent much of her early adulthood helping run the family home, playing piano, attending church, and socializing with neighbors. Her nights and weekends often involved cotillions, and as a result, she became an accomplished dancer. On other evenings, she would choose a novel from the shelf and read it aloud to her family, occasionally one she had written herself. She continued to write, developing her style in more ambitious works such as Lady Susan, another epistolary story about a manipulative woman who uses her sexuality, intelligence and charm to have her way with others. Jane also started to write some of her future major works, the first called Elinor and Marianne, another story told as a series of letters, which would eventually be published as Sense and Sensibility. She began drafts of First Impressions, which would later be published as Pride and Prejudice, and Susan, later published as Northanger Abbey by Jane's brother, Henry, following Jane's death.
In 1801, Jane moved to Bath with her father, mother and Cassandra. Then, in 1805, her father died after a short illness. As a result, the family was thrust into financial straits; the three women moved from place to place, skipping between the homes of various family members to rented flats. It was not until 1809 that they were able to settle into a stable living situation at Jane's brother Edward's cottage in Chawton.
Now in her 30s, Jane started to anonymously publish her works. In the period spanning 1811-16, she pseudonymously published Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice (a work she referred to as her "darling child," which also received critical acclaim), Mansfield Park and Emma.
Death and Legacy
In 1816, at the age of 41, Jane started to become ill with what some say might have been Addison's disease. She made impressive efforts to continue working at a normal pace, editing older works as well as starting a new novel called The Brothers, which would be published after her death as Sanditon. Another novel, Persuasion, would also be published posthumously. At some point, Jane's condition deteriorated to such a degree that she ceased writing. She died on July 18, 1817, in Winchester, Hampshire, England.
While Austen received some accolades for her works while still alive, with her first three novels garnering critical attention and increasing financial reward, it was not until after her death that her brother Henry revealed to the public that she was an author.
Today, Austen is considered one of the greatest writers in English history, both by academics and the general public. In 2002, as part of a BBC poll, the British public voted her No. 70 on a list of "100 Most Famous Britons of All Time." Austen's transformation from little-known to internationally renowned author began in the 1920s, when scholars began to recognize her works as masterpieces, thus increasing her general popularity. The Janeites, a Jane Austen fan club, eventually began to take on wider significance, similar to the Trekkie phenomenon that characterizes fans of the Star Trek franchise. The popularity of her work is also evident in the many film and TV adaptations of Emma, Mansfield Park, Pride and Prejudice, and Sense and Sensibility, as well as the TV series and film Clueless, which was based on Emma.
Austen was in the worldwide news in 2007, when author David Lassman submitted to several publishing houses a few of her manuscripts with slight revisions under a different name, and they were routinely rejected. He chronicled the experience in an article titled "Rejecting Jane," a fitting tribute to an author who could appreciate humor and wit.
ஜேன் ஆஸ்டின் (Jane Austen, டிசம்பர் 16, 1775 – ஜூலை 18, 1817) ஒரு பிரிட்டானியப் பெண் எழுத்தாளர். இவர் எழுதிய நடுத்தர மக்களைப் பற்றிய நேசப் புனைவுகள் ஆங்கில இலக்கிய உலகில் இவருக்கு அழியாத இடத்தைத் தந்துள்ளன. இவரது புதினங்களில் காணப்படும் யதார்த்தவாதமும், கூர்மையான சமூக விமர்சனமும் வெகுஜன வாசகர்களிடம் மட்டுமல்லாது விமர்சகர்களிடமும், இலக்கிய ஆய்வாளர்களிடமும் இவருக்கு பெரும் மதிப்பைப் பெற்றுத்தந்துள்ளன.
18ம் நூற்றாண்டின் இறுதியில் இங்கிலாந்தின் கீழ் நடுத்தரவர்க்கக் குடும்பம் ஒன்றில் பிறந்த ஆஸ்டின். தன் தந்தை மற்றும் சகோதரர்கள் மூலம் கல்வி கற்றார். அவருடைய எழுத்துப்பணியை அவரது குடும்பத்தார் பெரிதும் ஊக்குவித்தனர். இளம் வயதில் பலதரப்பட்ட இலக்கிய பாணிகளில் பரிசோதனையாக எழுதிப்பார்த்த ஆஸ்டின், பின் தனக்கே ஒரு பாணியை உருவாக்கிக் கொண்டார். 17ம் நூற்றாண்டில் பிரபலமாக இருந்த ”உணர்ச்சிகரமான புதின”ப் பாணியை நிராகரித்த ஆஸ்டினது படைப்புகளில் யதார்த்ததைமும், நகைச்சுவையும் இழைந்தோடுகின்றன. அவரது புதினங்கள் 18ம் நூற்றாண்டு ஆங்கிலப் பெண்கள் சமூகத்தில் முன்னேறவும் பொருளதார ஆதாயத்திற்காகவும் ஆண்களையும், திருமணத்தையும் சார்ந்திருந்ததை
படைப்புக்களின் பட்டியல்[மூலத்தைத் தொகு]
புதினங்கள்
Sense and Sensibility (1811)
Pride and Prejudice (1813)
Mansfield Park (1814)
Emma (novel)|Emma (1815)
Northanger Abbey (1818, மறைவுக்குப் பின் வெளியானது)
Persuasion (1818, மறைவுக்குப் பின் வெளியானது)
குறுகிய புனைகதை
Lady Susan (1794, 1805)
நிறைவேறாத புனைகதைகள்
The Watsons (1804)
Sanditon (1817)
ஏனைய படைப்புக்கள்
Sir Charles Grandison (1793, 1800)[1]
Plan of a Novel (1815)
Poems (1796-1817)
Prayers (1796-1817)
Letters (1796-1817)
இளமை பருவத்தில் எழுதிய புத்தகங்கள் — முதல்த்தொகுதி (1787-1793) [2]
Frederic & Elfrida
Jack & Alice
Edgar & Emma
Henry and Eliza
The Adventures of Mr. Harley
Sir William Mountague
Memoirs of Mr. Clifford
The Beautifull Cassandra
Amelia Webster
The Visit
The Mystery
The Three Sisters
A beautiful description
The generous Curate
Ode to Pity
இளமை பருவத்தில் எழுதிய புத்தகங்கள் — இரண்டாம் தொகுதி (1787-1793)
Love and Freindship
Lesley Castle
The History of England
A Collection of Letters
The female philosopher
The first Act of a Comedy
A Letter from a Young Lady
A Tour through Wales
A Tale
இளமை பருவத்தில் எழுதிய புத்தகங்கள் — மூன்றாம் தொகுத் (1787-1793)
Evelyn
Catharine, or the Bower
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