BANUMATHI RAMAKRISHNA BIOGRAPHY

 

BANUMATHI  RAMAKRISHNA  BIOGRAPHY

தடைகளை உடைத்த வெற்றி!

பதிமூன்று வயதில், இரண்டாம் நாயகி. 18 வயதில், கதாநாயகி, மணப்பெண். 21 வயதில், நட்சத்திர நாயகி, பாடகி மற்றும் ஒரு குழந்தைக்கு அம்மா. 22 வயதில், கதாநாயகி, பாடகி, 'ஸ்டோரி ரைட்டர்' மற்றும் தயாரிப்பாளர் என்று, அடுத்தடுத்த வளர்ச்சிகள்.

புது வெள்ளம் பாய்ந்து வரும்போது, பழசெல்லாம் அடித்துச் சென்று விடும்.

வெற்றி பேரலையில், 'இனி, பானுமதி நடிக்க மாட்டாள்...' என்ற தடை உத்தரவு, வெள்ளத்தில் அடித்துச் சென்றது. தடை போட்டவரே, நடிக்க வைத்து, இயக்கும் சூழல் உருவானது; விதி வலியது.

பரணி நட்சத்திரத்தில், அழகு மகன் பிறந்த நேரம், தங்கள் வாழ்வில் செல்வமும், செல்வாக்கும் பெருகுவது கண்டு பெருமகிழ்ச்சி கொண்டனர்.

ஸ்வர்க்கசீமா கொடுத்த மாபெரும் வெற்றியை பயன்படுத்திக் கொள்ள, 'பானுமதி நடித்தால், படம் நன்றாக ஓடும். அவர், ராசியான நடிகை...' என்று, 'கால்ஷீட்' கேட்டு, தமிழ், தெலுங்கு இயக்குனர்கள் - தயாரிப்பாளர்கள் தேடி வந்தனர்.

'நாமளே சொந்த பட கம்பெனி ஆரம்பிக்கலாமே... நீங்க,'டைரக் ஷன்' பண்ணுங்க...' என்று, புது ஐடியா கொடுத்தார், பானுமதி.

'அருமையான யோசனை. நீ, ஹீரோயினி; நான் இயக்குனர்...' என்று புன்னகைத்தார், ராமகிருஷ்ணா.

'பரணி பிக்சர்ஸ்' என்று பெயர் பதிவு செய்யப்பட்டது. ராமகிருஷ்ணா, ஒரு கதை சொன்னார்.

'கதை நல்லா இருக்கு. ஆனா, கொஞ்சம் அபசகுனமா இருக்கு. நம்ம முதல் படம், குடும்ப கதையாக, குறிப்பா, பெண்களை கவரும் வகையில் இருந்தால் நல்லா இருக்கும்...' என்று, தன் கருத்தை வலியுறுத்தி, சின்ன வயதில், அம்மாவிடம் கேட்ட புராண கதையை சொன்னார், பானுமதி.

எல்லாருக்கும் பிடித்து போனது, கதை. கணவன் - மனைவி சேர்ந்து திரைக்கதை அமைத்தனர். அந்த படம் தான், ரத்னமாலா. கணவன் இயக்க, மனைவி, கதாநாயகியாக நடித்ததோடு, ஒரு பாடலும் பாடினார். மகன் பெயரில் தயாரித்த முதல் படம், 100 நாள் ஓடி, பெரும் வெற்றிவாகை சூடியது.

அடுத்து -

கணவரின் இனிய நண்பர், எல்.வி.பிரசாத் இயக்கி, 'ஹீரோ'வாக நடித்த, கிரஹப்பிரவேசம் படத்தில், ஜோடியாக பானுமதி நடிக்க, ஒப்பந்தம் முடிவானது. படப்பிடிப்பு துவங்கும் நேரத்தில், திடீரென்று பிரசாத்தை நீக்கிவிட முடிவு செய்தார், தயாரிப்பாளர். அப்போது, பெரிய பிரபலமில்லை, எல்.வி.பிரசாத்.

ராமகிருஷ்ணாவிடம், 'இந்த படம் இல்லாமல் போனால், நான் பழையபடி, பம்பாய் போய் ஏதேனும் வேலை பார்க்க வேண்டியது தான்...' என்று, தன்னிலையை சொல்லி கலங்கினார், எல்.வி.பிரசாத்.

அப்போது, 'பிரசாத் இல்லையென்றால், நான் நடிக்க மாட்டேன். வந்து, உங்கள், 'அட்வான்சை' வாங்கிக் கொள்ளுங்கள்...' என்று பானுமதி, ஒரு போடு போட்டதும், ஆடிப்போனார், தயாரிப்பாளர்.

'அம்மாயி, பிரசாத்காரு தான் டைரக்டர்; நீங்க தான், ஹீரோயினி...' என்று, சரண்டராகி விட்டார்.

தன் கணவரின் நண்பரை காப்பாற்றினார். அந்த படம், 100 நாள் ஓடி, எல்.வி.பிரசாத் என்ற திறமையான நடிகர் மற்றும் இயக்குனர், சினிமாவுக்கு வரமாக வாய்த்தார்.

இவர் தான், கே.பாலசந்தர், கமல்ஹாசனை வைத்து, ஹிந்தியில், ஏக் துஜே கேலியே படத்தை எடுத்தவர். ராஜபார்வை படத்தில், மாதவியின் தாத்தாவாக நடித்தவர்.

பானுமதி, தமிழில் ஒப்பந்தமான முதல் படம், ரத்னகுமார். அன்றைய சூப்பர் ஸ்டார், பி.யு.சின்னப்பா தான், 'ஹீரோ!' மொத்தம், 15 பாடல்கள். கர்நாடக, இந்துஸ்தானி மெட்டுகளில் அமைந்த பாடல்களை பாடியிருந்தார், பானுமதி.

சின்னப்பாவும், பானுமதியும், ஒரு கதம்ப பாடலை பாடியிருந்தனர். ஆடி, பாடி, பிச்சை எடுக்கும் காதலர்கள் கதாபாத்திரத்தில் நடித்தனர்.

தமிழில் முதன் முதலில் ஒப்பந்தமான இப்படம் வெளியாக, நான்கு ஆண்டுகள் ஆகிவிட்டது. காரணம், சின்னப்பாவுக்கும், பானுமதிக்கும் ஏழாம் பொருத்தம்.

படப்பிடிப்பு துவங்கிய கொஞ்ச நாளிலேயே முட்டல், மோதல் ஆரம்பமாகி விட்டது. இருவரும் சேர்ந்து நடிக்கும்போதெல்லாம், தலைவலி என்று சொல்லி போய் விடுவார், பானுமதி.

ஒருநாள், குடித்துவிட்டு வந்தார், சின்னப்பா.

'நான், இவரோட நடிக்க மாட்டேன்...' என்று பின் பக்கமாக, காரில், வீட்டுக்கு போய் விட்டார், பானுமதி.

கிருஷ்ணன் - பஞ்சு இயக்கி, ஆரூர்தாஸ்வசனம் எழுதிய, பத்து மாத பந்தம் படத்தில், கர்நாடக இசைப் பாடகி, கல்யாணி பாத்திரத்தில் நடித்ததோடு, ஒரு பாடலையும் எழுதியிருந்தார், பானுமதி. அதில், அவர் பாடிய, 'பாப் மியூசிக்' பாடல், படம் வருமுன்னே வெளியாகி, பெரும் வரவேற்பு பெற்றது; படமும் பெரும் வெற்றி பெற்றது.

Roman Chariot Unearthed In Pompeii Nearly 2,000 Years After City Was Buried

 

Roman Chariot Unearthed In Pompeii 

Nearly 2,000 Years After City Was Buried

Simon Catling

Roman Chariot Unearthed In Pompeii Nearly 2,000 Years After City Was Buried

Archaeologists have made the exciting discovery of a Roman chariot near the famously buried city of Pompeii in Italy. Watch footage of the discovery below:

Pompeii was famously devastated by a volcanic eruption from nearby Mount Vesuvius in 79AD, with the entire city eerily preserved after being covered in ash from the blast.

As a result, the area has been a hotbed for archaeological discoveries that have helped illustrate what life was like for the Roman Empire around that period of time - but this latest find has been described as having 'no parallel' by experts.

The four-wheeled carriage made of iron, bronze and tin is almost perfectly preserved and was found near the stables of an ancient villa at Civita Giuliana, around 700 metres north of the walls of ancient Pompeii.

It was found in a porch in front of the stable, which is already a notable site - in 2018, the remains of three equids, including a harnessed horse, were found there.

Credit: PA

Credit: PA

Massimo Osanna, the outgoing director of the Pompeii archaeological site, said the carriage was the first of its kind discovered in the area.

Osanna said: "This is an extraordinary discovery that advances our understanding of the ancient world."

He added that the carriage would have 'accompanied festive moments for the community, [such as] parades and processions'.

Although previous vehicles have been found in Pompeii over time, this is the first ceremonial one to have been unearthed, prompting the country's culture ministry to call it 'a unique find, without any precedent in Italy'.

Credit: PA

Credit: PA

Pompeii is about 14 miles southeast of Naples and was home to around 13,000 people when it was buried under ash, pumice pebbles and dust after being met with an eruption equivalent to the force of multiple atomic bombs.

Every single resident died instantly when the blast hit. The pyroclastic flow would have been up to 500°C hot and would've come down on the city at a high speed.

A pyroclastic flow is more dangerous than lava because it travels much faster, reaching speeds of around 450mph.

Around Pompeii lies many preserved bodies of humans and animals in states of frozen animation as the resident unsuccessfully tried to run away or other hide from the relentless surge of hot ash and pumice.

Credit: PA

Credit: PA

The city remained buried under the rubble undiscovered until the 16th century with excavations beginning circa 1750.

"Pompeii continues to amaze us with its discoveries and it will do so for many years, with 20 hectares still to be dug up," said Culture Minister Dario Franceschini.

A rare documentation of Greco-Roman life, Pompeii is one of Italy's most popular attractions and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Featured Image Credit: PA

THE YOUNG JEWISH WOMAN WHO BLEW UP NAZIS By Dan Peleschuk

 

THE YOUNG JEWISH WOMAN WHO BLEW UP NAZIS

By Dan Peleschuk

In theory, the plan was simple: Sneak into the bakery, where thousands of loaves of bread were being prepared for German prisoners of war, and lace them all with arsenic. For the rest of the world, the war had ended. But for steely Jewish 20-something Vitka Kempner and her co-conspirators, it wouldn’t end until every last Nazi was dead.

Ultimately, the scheme failed. Sort of. Despite the fact that some 2,280 inmates fell ill, none of them died. Together, with wartime partisan leader Abba Kovner, her future husband, Kempner quickly ditched Europe for then-British Palestine, where they’d spend the rest of their lives in relative peace. And though morally questionable, the 1946 poisoning episode in Nuremberg — the final in a short but storied career packed with brazen resistance — highlighted her dedication to fighting for an oppressed people.

But how did a young woman from provincial Poland morph into one of the war’s most notable resistance fighters? Firsthand experience with the murderous regime itself: Soon after the Wehrmacht entered her hometown of Kalisz in 1939, they rounded up its Jews inside a local church to prepare them for expulsion from the city. Kempner said she witnessed the act herself: “I decided the same night that I cannot stand it — the humiliation,” she said in a 1996 interview.

jewish_woman1

         

Abba Kovner

Hearing rumors that Jews were leaving for Palestine from Vilnius, Lithuania, she escaped to the Baltic city (then a hub of Eastern European Jewish culture) through bitter cold and against her father’s recommendation. That, Kempner said, was her “first act of resistance.” But as the Soviets arrived from the east to occupy the small country, thereby ending its several-decade stretch of independence, her foreign travel plans were scrapped. Then came the Germans again, trundling toward Moscow during their invasion of the Soviet Union.

Amid the multiple occupations endured by Eastern Europeans throughout World War II, the Jews were in a particularly precarious position. Already fighting for their own survival, local Jews — who experts say weren’t likely to have close neighborly relations with Lithuanians — were largely on their own as the latter focused on their own fight to regain independence. “I’m not sure they could rely on cross-ethnic networks,” says Roger Petersen, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who studies ethnic conflict.

WHEN THE SOVIET ARMY FINALLY LIBERATED THE CITY IN MID-1944, SHE AND HER FELLOW COMBATANTS WERE THERE TO GREET THEM.

In early 1942, the 20-year-old Kempner joined a Zionist youth group under the United Partisan Organization (FPO) resistance movement, led by Kovner; as the city’s Jews were herded into a ghetto, they began taking action. Sneaking in and out of the neighborhood, they smuggled weapons, trained partisans and built bombs. That led to Kempner’s first real act of resistance: Ferrying out homemade explosives from the ghetto, and eventually affixing them to a Nazi train line in what’s believed to be one of the earliest acts of anti-Nazi sabotage on the eastern front. As Kempner later recalled, the explosion took her enemies — who reportedly thought the Poles had done it — by surprise: “The Germans were very astonished that in Vilnius there were partisans.”

88e20ee45d8ead926989f7629a0d6391

         

German soldiers surrender in Vilnius in 1944.

As the Nazis cracked down more heavily on Vilnius, eventually liquidating its ghetto, the FPO began funneling fighters out to a forest outside the capital, from where the partisans staged a broader resistance campaign. According to the Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation, they blew up five bridges, destroyed 40 train carriages and more than 180 miles of tracks, killing 212 enemy soldiers in the process. It was Kempner who led the final batch of fighters into the woods. When the Soviet army finally liberated the city in mid-1944, she and her fellow combatants were there to greet them. It’s said that a Yiddish folk song was dedicated to her exploits.

Then came the next phase of hers and Kovner’s activities. Now free of Nazi tyranny, but still facing heavy-handed Soviet rule, the Zionist activists began organizing an exodus of their peers from Eastern Europe — where they believed there was no future for Jews — to Palestine. But they had darker intentions: Parallel to that effort, Kovner formed a unit called “Nakam,” which aimed to exact revenge against Nazis, even long after the war had ended. Think Quentin Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds, but in real life. The Nuremberg bread plot was actually only set in motion when the group realized they wouldn’t quite be able to fulfill their real goal: To kill 6 million Germans by poisoning the water supply of Germany’s major cities.

But after authorities grew wise to the Nuremberg plot, Kempner and Kovner reached the end of their violent resistance. After moving to Palestine, they married and started a family, while Kempner pursued a career in child-focused special education. Upon her death in 2012, the chairman of Yad Vashem, the World Holocaust Remembrance Center, called Kempner’s story “one of struggle, courage and determination, not only to survive but to triumph.”

Watson and Crick discover chemical structure of DNA

 

Watson and Crick discover 

chemical structure of DNA

On February 28, 1953, Cambridge University scientists James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick announce that they have determined the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule containing human genes.

Though DNA—short for deoxyribonucleic acid—was discovered in 1869, its crucial role in determining genetic inheritance wasn’t demonstrated until 1943. In the early 1950s, Watson and Crick were only two of many scientists working on figuring out the structure of DNA. California chemist Linus Pauling suggested an incorrect model at the beginning of 1953, prompting Watson and Crick to try and beat Pauling at his own game. 

LISTEN NOW: HISTORY This Week Podcast: The DNA Debate

On the morning of February 28, they determined that the structure of DNA was a double-helix polymer, or a spiral of two DNA strands, each containing a long chain of monomer nucleotides, wound around each other. According to their findings, DNA replicated itself by separating into individual strands, each of which became the template for a new double helix. In his best-selling book, The Double Helix (1968), Watson later claimed that Crick announced the discovery by walking into the nearby Eagle Pub and blurting out that “we had found the secret of life.” The truth wasn’t that far off, as Watson and Crick had solved a fundamental mystery of science–how it was possible for genetic instructions to be held inside organisms and passed from generation to generation.

Watson and Crick’s solution was formally announced on April 25, 1953, following its publication in that month’s issue of Nature magazine. The article revolutionized the study of biology and medicine. Among the developments that followed directly from it were pre-natal screening for disease genes; genetically engineered foods; the ability to identify human remains; the rational design of treatments for diseases such as AIDS; and the accurate testing of physical evidence in order to convict or exonerate criminals.

Crick and Watson later had a falling-out over Watson’s book, which Crick felt misrepresented their collaboration and betrayed their friendship. A larger controversy arose over the use Watson and Crick made of research done by another DNA researcher, Rosalind Franklin, whose colleague Maurice Wilkins showed her X-ray photographic work to Watson just before he and Crick made their famous discovery. When Crick and Watson won the Nobel Prize in 1962, they shared it with Wilkins. Franklin, who died in 1958 of ovarian cancer and was thus ineligible for the award, never learned of the role her photos played in the historic scientific breakthrough.

BEGINNING OF TAMIL CINEMA FACTS

 

Anathai Penn(1938) - Subbu is credited as M.Subramaniam in the film. The film was directed by Raghupathi Prakasa, the pioneering film maker, from the Silent film era. 

Subbu' and Mk.Radha, are visible in this actual photo still, shot during the making of the film at MPPC Studios.Anathai Penn (1938) -

Subbu says by this point, he is usually playing the role of a chettiar, quite regularly, and in this film as well. This is also, the first time, his life matches with M.K.Radha. Film is Produced by Jupiter Pictures and shot at MPPC Studios. making much money. Narayanan needs talented people, but has no money. Subbu has the talent, but needs exposure. They find a mutual agreement. Subbu writes 'anonymously' for Narayanan's films, but is neither paid, nor credited. This he, himself admits to, in one of his memoirs.

Pavalakkodi(1934) - oldest known surviving Tamil film, is screened in Malaya, in the 1930s. Source - 

@nlbsingapore

  

The film continues to be locked up in the golden cages of the 

@NFAIOfficial

SAME TITLES - DIFFERENT MOVIES - Gnanasoundari. This was a popular Christian themed stage play, performed actively in the early 20th century. It was made as a silent film , by the General Pictures Corporation, a 1935 version by Sakunthala Films (A.Narayanan&Raja C Shekar

a 1948 parallel version by Citadel films, featuring the pretty MV Rajamma and TR Mahalingam and a Gemini Studios version, featuring Kannamba, the same year. The Citadel version was a major success, while the Gemini version bombed heavily. Only the citadel's version survives today

STAR ADS - Ranjan, who starred in Nandanar, Mangamma Sabatham ( as the mad prince) and villain in Gemini's iconic master piece 'Chandra Lekha' appears in Narasu's Tea AD. Narasu himself would start up his own film production studio sometime in the late 40s.

Vedavathi(or) Seetha Jananam (1941) - A young M.G.R and popular villain P.S.Veerappa in Seetha jananam. Credits - IndianExpress archives.

Sathi Leelavathi(1936) - Produced by Manorama films and directed by Ellis R Dungan. This is S.S.Vasan's first formal entry into cinema, as a writer. B

Trivia - Madana kamarajan(1941) was Gemini Studio's first formal release, after the studio's inauguration.

Mangamma Sabatham - For some reason, lot of @ikamalhaasan movie titles, are based on movies, made by Gemini Studios

Forgotten Tamil ACTRESSArtists : Remembering their contribution to the Art

Forgotten Tamil  ACTRESS Artists :

 Remembering their contribution to the Art

- December 29, 2017

 30/12/2017 

Forgotten Tamil Artists : Remembering their contribution to the Art.

S D Subbulakshmi was one of them.

She married the enterprising pioneer director K Subramaniyam.

Subbulakshmi was the most popular stars in the 1930s.

                                                        Padma Subramaniam

They had two outstanding children: S. Krishnawamy, a critic and Pathma Subramaniam, one of the finest exponents of Bharatha Natyam.

T P Rajalakshmi was one of the pioneer Tamil female actors in Tamil films.

                                                               P.Bhanumathi

P. Banumathi from Aandhra was yet another shining star in Tamil and Telugu films.

Bhanumathi & Husband Ramakrishna

There was yet another singing star Subbulakshmi. Her initials were M S. She was one of the outstanding Carnatic musicians that India could boast of.

She too came into the field in 1930s and she too had acted in director K Subramaniam’s films. Some of her outstanding films were Sakunthalai and Meera.

Another singing actress was T R Rajakumari. She figures during the 1930-1940 period. Chandraleka and Apoorva Sakothararkal were two of her notable films.

P Kannamba from Karnataka was a superb actress in delivering the Tamil dialogues.

   K L V Vasantha,                                    

               

     U R Jeevaratnam,

T A Mathuram,

C T Rajakantham,

B S Saroja, and

 K S Angamuthu were well known stars in Tamil Cinema.

Lanka born actor to become later to be the Chief Minister of Tamilnadu, M G Ramachandran was married to V N Janaki. She was earlier married to a film director. She acted in a pace-setting progressive film in Tamil in the 1940s-

Velaikkari penned by former Chief Minister C N Annadurai. One of the Kannadiga actresses to play in Tamil films was M V Rajamma.

R Bala Saraswathi Devi was another singing star. Her song ‘Roja MalarVendumaa?’ a song sung to the Latin American Rhythm ‘La Paloma’ was a hit tune in the 1950s.

Another actress was T A Jeyalakshmi. She acted in another pace setter ‘Naam Iruvar’ (We Two)

Kumari Rukmani was figured in ‘Sri Valli’

Then of course we had the present Chief Minister of Tamilnadu, Jeyaram Jeyalalitha acting with M G Ramachandran in many popular films.

She has acted not only in Tamil but also in Telugu, Kannada and Hindi.

M S Sundari Bai,

Thiruchur Premawathi,

R.Padma,

T A Periyanayaki who could sing well,

M S S Bhagyam,

M R Santhanalakhmi,

S Varalakshmi- a singing star,

T Suriyakumari and

K Malathi

were some of the early female actors in Tamil cinema.

the Kerala border Lalitha, Padmini and Rahini came to act in Tamil films.

Padmini among them became a fine dancer and character actress in Tamil films.

Vyjayanthimala

Vyjayanthi mala marriage with Dr. Bali

who later shone in Hindi films later became a Rajya Sabha member in Indian Parliament.

Her mother Vasunthara Devi was a dancing actress who danced waltzes in the film Mangamma Sabatham.

M N Rajam was yet another important actress in Tamil films.

K T Rukmani,

T P Muthulakshmi,

Maadhuri Devi,

Pushpavalli,

Anjali devi

 were among the notable female stars in Tamil films during the 1930- 1950 period.

After the1950s many talented female actors came to the scene.

K R Vijya,

Vijaya Kumari,

Devika,

Saroja Devi,

Saroja Devi with her husband

Lakshmi,

Raadika,

Savitri,

Poornima,

Ambika,

Raadha,

Suhashini,

Amala,

Seetha.  

Seetha with family

Shoba,

 SriVidhya,

Sri Priya,

Sri Devi,

Rekha

Vaani Sri

Manjula,

and a host of both male and female actors contributed their mite to the development Tamil cinema.

Since the 1970s Tamil Cinema has undergone several changes gradually shedding off the dramatic garb and adoring new attires to suit the contemporary needs. That is another subject to be dealt with caution, because the analysis would necessitate a deeper multi-disciplinary study.

The purpose in us writing about the Tamil Cinema as well is to put on record some forgotten details which could help a serious student of cinema in any part of the world to understand the world cinema as an entity.

Today  north Indian actresses are in the market of South Indian cinema Industry, where the women has no role to play, except the body exposure, semi nude stupid dances, foolish boring love scenes, a complete loss of the local cultures ...

Olden days Tamil cinema beauty is lost,

At present a bunch black ugly, heroes occupy the center stage,  with half naked heroines, no script, hero is a stupid street boy, abusing parents, no education, no job, holding big long weapon, all sorts of street  dances, A WASTAGE MONEY, IT CAN BE DIVERTED TO STATE'S DEVELOPMENTS.

***

Forgotten Tamil Artists : Remembering their contribution to the Art

- December 29, 2017

 30/12/2017 

Forgotten Tamil Artists : Remembering their contribution to the Art.

S D Subbulakshmi was one of them.

She married the enterprising pioneer director K Subramaniyam.

Subbulakshmi was the most popular stars in the 1930s.

                                                        Padma Subramaniam

They had two outstanding children: S. Krishnawamy, a critic and Pathma Subramaniam, one of the finest exponents of Bharatha Natyam.

T P Rajalakshmi was one of the pioneer Tamil female actors in Tamil films.

                                                               P.Bhanumathi

P. Banumathi from Aandhra was yet another shining star in Tamil and Telugu films.

Bhanumathi & Husband Ramakrishna


There was yet another singing star Subbulakshmi. Her initials were M S. She was one of the outstanding Carnatic musicians that India could boast of.

She too came into the field in 1930s and she too had acted in director K Subramaniam’s films. Some of her outstanding films were Sakunthalai and Meera.

Another singing actress was T R Rajakumari. She figures during the 1930-1940 period. Chandraleka and Apoorva Sakothararkal were two of her notable films.

P Kannamba from Karnataka was a superb actress in delivering the Tamil dialogues.

   K L V Vasantha,                                    
               

     U R Jeevaratnam,

T A Mathuram,

C T Rajakantham,

B S Saroja, and

 K S Angamuthu were well known stars in Tamil Cinema.

Lanka born actor to become later to be the Chief Minister of Tamilnadu, M G Ramachandran was married to V N Janaki. She was earlier married to a film director. She acted in a pace-setting progressive film in Tamil in the 1940s-

Velaikkari penned by former Chief Minister C N Annadurai. One of the Kannadiga actresses to play in Tamil films was M V Rajamma.

R Bala Saraswathi Devi was another singing star. Her song ‘Roja MalarVendumaa?’ a song sung to the Latin American Rhythm ‘La Paloma’ was a hit tune in the 1950s.

Another actress was T A Jeyalakshmi. She acted in another pace setter ‘Naam Iruvar’ (We Two)

Kumari Rukmani was figured in ‘Sri Valli’

Then of course we had the present Chief Minister of Tamilnadu, Jeyaram Jeyalalitha acting with M G Ramachandran in many popular films.

She has acted not only in Tamil but also in Telugu, Kannada and Hindi.

M S Sundari Bai,

Thiruchur Premawathi,

R.Padma,

T A Periyanayaki who could sing well,

M S S Bhagyam,

M R Santhanalakhmi,

S Varalakshmi- a singing star,

T Suriyakumari and

K Malathi

were some of the early female actors in Tamil cinema.

the Kerala border Lalitha, Padmini and Rahini came to act in Tamil films.

Padmini among them became a fine dancer and character actress in Tamil films.

Vyjayanthimala

Vyjayanthi mala marriage with Dr. Bali

who later shone in Hindi films later became a Rajya Sabha member in Indian Parliament.

Her mother Vasunthara Devi was a dancing actress who danced waltzes in the film Mangamma Sabatham.

M N Rajam was yet another important actress in Tamil films.

K T Rukmani,

T P Muthulakshmi,

Maadhuri Devi,

Pushpavalli,

Anjali devi

 were among the notable female stars in Tamil films during the 1930- 1950 period.


After the1950s many talented female actors came to the scene.

K R Vijya,

Vijaya Kumari,

Devika,

Saroja Devi,

Saroja Devi with her husband

Lakshmi,

Raadika,

Savitri,

Poornima,

Ambika,

Raadha,

Suhashini,

Amala,

Seetha.  

Seetha with family

Shoba,

 SriVidhya,

Sri Priya,

Sri Devi,

Rekha

Vaani Sri

Manjula,

and a host of both male and female actors contributed their mite to the development Tamil cinema.

Since the 1970s Tamil Cinema has undergone several changes gradually shedding off the dramatic garb and adoring new attires to suit the contemporary needs. That is another subject to be dealt with caution, because the analysis would necessitate a deeper multi-disciplinary study.

The purpose in us writing about the Tamil Cinema as well is to put on record some forgotten details which could help a serious student of cinema in any part of the world to understand the world cinema as an entity.

Today  north Indian actresses are in the market of South Indian cinema Industry, where the women has no role to play, except the body exposure, semi nude stupid dances, foolish boring love scenes, a complete loss of the local cultures ...

Olden days Tamil cinema beauty is lost,

At present a bunch black ugly, heroes occupy the center stage,  with half naked heroines, no script, hero is a stupid street boy, abusing parents, no education, no job, holding big long weapon, all sorts of street  dances, A WASTAGE MONEY, IT CAN BE DIVERTED TO STATE'S DEVELOPMENTS.

***